std::nextafter, std::nextafterf, std::nextafterl, std::nexttoward, std::nexttowardf, std::nexttowardl
定义在头文件 <cmath> 中 |
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(1) | ||
float nextafter ( float from, float to ); double nextafter ( double from, double to ); |
(自 C++11 起) (直到 C++23) |
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constexpr /* 浮点类型 */ nextafter ( /* 浮点类型 */ from, |
(自 C++23 起) | |
float nextafterf( float from, float to ); |
(2) | (自 C++11 起) (自 C++23 起为 constexpr) |
long double nextafterl( long double from, long double to ); |
(3) | (自 C++11 起) (自 C++23 起为 constexpr) |
(4) | ||
float nexttoward ( float from, long double to ); double nexttoward ( double from, long double to ); |
(自 C++11 起) (直到 C++23) |
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constexpr /* 浮点类型 */ nexttoward ( /* 浮点类型 */ from, |
(自 C++23 起) | |
float nexttowardf( float from, long double to ); |
(5) | (自 C++11 起) (自 C++23 起为 constexpr) |
long double nexttowardl( long double from, long double to ); |
(6) | (自 C++11 起) (自 C++23 起为 constexpr) |
定义在头文件 <cmath> 中 |
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template< class Arithmetic1, class Arithmetic2 > /* 通用浮点类型 */ |
(A) | (自 C++11 起) (自 C++23 起为 constexpr) |
template< class Integer > double nexttoward( Integer from, long double to ); |
(B) | (自 C++11 起) (自 C++23 起为 constexpr) |
返回 from 在朝向 to 方向上的下一个可表示值。
std::nextafter
的重载,作为参数 from 和 to 的类型。(自 C++23 起)
库为所有 cv 无限定浮点类型提供 |
(自 C++23 起) |
std::nextafter
重载。std::nexttoward
重载,这些类型将被视为 double。内容 |
[编辑] 参数
from, to | - | 浮点或整数值 |
[编辑] 返回值
如果未发生错误,则返回from在to方向上的下一个可表示的值。如果from等于to,则返回to。
如果发生由于溢出引起的范围错误,则返回±HUGE_VAL、±HUGE_VALF
或±HUGE_VALL
(与from具有相同的符号)。
如果发生由于下溢引起的范围错误,则返回正确的结果。
[edit] 错误处理
错误报告方式如math_errhandling中所述。
如果实现支持 IEEE 浮点算术 (IEC 60559),
- 如果from是有限的,但预期结果是无穷大,则引发FE_INEXACT和FE_OVERFLOW。
- 如果from不等于to且结果是次正规数或零,则引发FE_INEXACT和FE_UNDERFLOW。
- 在任何情况下,返回值都与当前舍入模式无关。
- 如果from或to是 NaN,则返回 NaN。
[edit] 注释
POSIX 规范规定溢出和下溢条件是范围错误(可能设置errno)。
IEC 60559 建议只要from == to,就返回from。这些函数改为返回to,这使得围绕零的行为保持一致:std::nextafter(-0.0, +0.0)返回+0.0,而std::nextafter(+0.0, -0.0)返回-0.0。
std::nextafter
通常是通过对 IEEE 表示进行操作来实现的(glibc,musl)。
不需要完全按照 (A) 提供额外的 std::nextafter
重载。它们只需要足以确保对于第一个参数 num1 和第二个参数 num2
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(直到 C++23) |
如果 num1 和 num2 具有算术类型,则 std::nextafter(num1, num2) 的效果与 std::nextafter(static_cast</* common-floating-point-type */>(num1), 如果不存在具有最大等级和子等级的浮点类型,则 重载解析 不会从提供的重载中产生可用候选。 |
(自 C++23 起) |
不需要完全按照 (B) 提供额外的 std::nexttoward
重载。它们只需要足以确保对于整数类型的参数 num,std::nexttoward(num) 的效果与 std::nexttoward(static_cast<double>(num)) 相同。
[edit] 示例
#include <cfenv> #include <cfloat> #include <cmath> #include <concepts> #include <iomanip> #include <iostream> int main() { float from1 = 0, to1 = std::nextafter(from1, 1.f); std::cout << "The next representable float after " << std::setprecision(20) << from1 << " is " << to1 << std::hexfloat << " (" << to1 << ")\n" << std::defaultfloat; float from2 = 1, to2 = std::nextafter(from2, 2.f); std::cout << "The next representable float after " << from2 << " is " << to2 << std::hexfloat << " (" << to2 << ")\n" << std::defaultfloat; double from3 = std::nextafter(0.1, 0), to3 = 0.1; std::cout << "The number 0.1 lies between two valid doubles:\n" << std::setprecision(56) << " " << from3 << std::hexfloat << " (" << from3 << ')' << std::defaultfloat << "\nand " << to3 << std::hexfloat << " (" << to3 << ")\n" << std::defaultfloat << std::setprecision(20); std::cout << "\nDifference between nextafter and nexttoward:\n"; long double dir = std::nextafter(from1, 1.0L); // first subnormal long double float x = std::nextafter(from1, dir); // first converts dir to float, giving 0 std::cout << "With nextafter, next float after " << from1 << " is " << x << '\n'; x = std::nexttoward(from1, dir); std::cout << "With nexttoward, next float after " << from1 << " is " << x << '\n'; std::cout << "\nSpecial values:\n"; { // #pragma STDC FENV_ACCESS ON std::feclearexcept(FE_ALL_EXCEPT); double from4 = DBL_MAX, to4 = std::nextafter(from4, INFINITY); std::cout << "The next representable double after " << std::setprecision(6) << from4 << std::hexfloat << " (" << from4 << ')' << std::defaultfloat << " is " << to4 << std::hexfloat << " (" << to4 << ")\n" << std::defaultfloat; if (std::fetestexcept(FE_OVERFLOW)) std::cout << " raised FE_OVERFLOW\n"; if (std::fetestexcept(FE_INEXACT)) std::cout << " raised FE_INEXACT\n"; } // end FENV_ACCESS block float from5 = 0.0, to5 = std::nextafter(from5, -0.0); std::cout << "std::nextafter(+0.0, -0.0) gives " << std::fixed << to5 << '\n'; auto precision_loss_demo = []<std::floating_point Fp>(const auto rem, const Fp start) { std::cout << rem; for (Fp from = start, to, Δ; (Δ = (to = std::nextafter(from, +INFINITY)) - from) < Fp(10.0); from *= Fp(10.0)) std::cout << "nextafter(" << std::scientific << std::setprecision(0) << from << ", INF) gives " << std::fixed << std::setprecision(6) << to << "; Δ = " << Δ << '\n'; }; precision_loss_demo("\nPrecision loss demo for float:\n", 10.0f); precision_loss_demo("\nPrecision loss demo for double:\n", 10.0e9); precision_loss_demo("\nPrecision loss demo for long double:\n", 10.0e17L); }
输出
The next representable float after 0 is 1.4012984643248170709e-45 (0x1p-149) The next representable float after 1 is 1.0000001192092895508 (0x1.000002p+0) The number 0.1 lies between two valid doubles: 0.09999999999999999167332731531132594682276248931884765625 (0x1.9999999999999p-4) and 0.1000000000000000055511151231257827021181583404541015625 (0x1.999999999999ap-4) Difference between nextafter and nexttoward: With nextafter, next float after 0 is 0 With nexttoward, next float after 0 is 1.4012984643248170709e-45 Special values: The next representable double after 1.79769e+308 (0x1.fffffffffffffp+1023) is inf (inf) raised FE_OVERFLOW raised FE_INEXACT std::nextafter(+0.0, -0.0) gives -0.000000 Precision loss demo for float: nextafter(1e+01, INF) gives 10.000001; Δ = 0.000001 nextafter(1e+02, INF) gives 100.000008; Δ = 0.000008 nextafter(1e+03, INF) gives 1000.000061; Δ = 0.000061 nextafter(1e+04, INF) gives 10000.000977; Δ = 0.000977 nextafter(1e+05, INF) gives 100000.007812; Δ = 0.007812 nextafter(1e+06, INF) gives 1000000.062500; Δ = 0.062500 nextafter(1e+07, INF) gives 10000001.000000; Δ = 1.000000 nextafter(1e+08, INF) gives 100000008.000000; Δ = 8.000000 Precision loss demo for double: nextafter(1e+10, INF) gives 10000000000.000002; Δ = 0.000002 nextafter(1e+11, INF) gives 100000000000.000015; Δ = 0.000015 nextafter(1e+12, INF) gives 1000000000000.000122; Δ = 0.000122 nextafter(1e+13, INF) gives 10000000000000.001953; Δ = 0.001953 nextafter(1e+14, INF) gives 100000000000000.015625; Δ = 0.015625 nextafter(1e+15, INF) gives 1000000000000000.125000; Δ = 0.125000 nextafter(1e+16, INF) gives 10000000000000002.000000; Δ = 2.000000 Precision loss demo for long double: nextafter(1e+18, INF) gives 1000000000000000000.062500; Δ = 0.062500 nextafter(1e+19, INF) gives 10000000000000000001.000000; Δ = 1.000000 nextafter(1e+20, INF) gives 100000000000000000008.000000; Δ = 8.000000
[edit] 另请参阅
C 文档,用于 nextafter
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