nextafter, nextafterf, nextafterl, nexttoward, nexttowardf, nexttowardl
来自 cppreference.cn
定义于头文件 <math.h> |
||
float nextafterf( float from, float to ); |
(1) | (C99 起) |
double nextafter( double from, double to ); |
(2) | (C99 起) |
long double nextafterl( long double from, long double to ); |
(3) | (C99 起) |
float nexttowardf( float from, long double to ); |
(4) | (C99 起) |
double nexttoward( double from, long double to ); |
(5) | (C99 起) |
long double nexttowardl( long double from, long double to ); |
(6) | (C99 起) |
定义于头文件 <tgmath.h> |
||
#define nextafter(from, to) |
(7) | (C99 起) |
#define nexttoward(from, to) |
(8) | (C99 起) |
1-3) 首先,将两个参数都转换为函数的类型,然后返回从 from 沿着 to 方向的下一个可表示值。如果 from 等于 to,则返回 to。
4-6) 首先,将第一个参数转换为函数的类型,然后返回从 from 沿着 to 方向的下一个可表示值。如果 from 等于 to,则返回 to,从 long double 转换为函数的返回类型,而不会损失范围或精度。
7) 类型泛型宏:如果任何参数的类型为 long double,则调用
nextafterl
。否则,如果任何参数具有整数类型或类型为 double,则调用 nextafter
。否则,调用 nextafterf
。8) 类型泛型宏:如果参数 from 的类型为 long double,则调用
nexttowardl
。否则,如果 from 具有整数类型或类型 double,则调用 nexttoward
。否则,调用 nexttowardf
。内容 |
[编辑] 参数
from, to | - | 浮点数值 |
[编辑] 返回值
如果没有错误发生,则返回从 from 沿着 to 方向的下一个可表示值。如果 from 等于 to,则返回 to,并转换为函数的类型。
如果由于上溢发生范围错误,则返回 ±HUGE_VAL、±HUGE_VALF
或 ±HUGE_VALL
(符号与 from 相同)。
如果由于下溢发生范围错误,则返回正确的结果。
[编辑] 错误处理
错误的报告方式如 math_errhandling
中所指定。
如果实现支持 IEEE 浮点算术 (IEC 60559),
- 如果 from 是有限的,但预期结果是无穷大,则引发 FE_INEXACT 和 FE_OVERFLOW。
- 如果 from 不等于
to
且结果是次正规数或零,则引发 FE_INEXACT 和 FE_UNDERFLOW。 - 在任何情况下,返回值都独立于当前的舍入模式
- 如果 from 或
to
中任一为 NaN,则返回 NaN。
[编辑] 注释
POSIX 规定,上溢和下溢条件是范围错误(可能设置 errno)。
IEC 60559 建议当 from == to 时返回 from。这些函数改为返回 to,这使得零附近的行为保持一致:nextafter(-0.0, +0.0)
返回 +0.0,而 nextafter(+0.0, -0.0)
返回 -0.0。
nextafter
通常通过操作 IEEE 表示来实现(glibc musl)。
[编辑] 示例
运行此代码
#include <fenv.h> #include <float.h> #include <math.h> #include <stdio.h> int main(void) { float from1 = 0, to1 = nextafterf(from1, 1); printf("The next representable float after %.2f is %.20g (%a)\n", from1, to1, to1); float from2 = 1, to2 = nextafterf(from2, 2); printf("The next representable float after %.2f is %.20f (%a)\n", from2, to2, to2); double from3 = nextafter(0.1, 0), to3 = 0.1; printf("The number 0.1 lies between two valid doubles:\n" " %.56f (%a)\nand %.55f (%a)\n", from3, from3, to3, to3); // difference between nextafter and nexttoward: long double dir = nextafterl(from1, 1); // first subnormal long double float x = nextafterf(from1, dir); // first converts dir to float, giving 0 printf("Using nextafter, next float after %.2f (%a) is %.20g (%a)\n", from1, from1, x, x); x = nexttowardf(from1, dir); printf("Using nexttoward, next float after %.2f (%a) is %.20g (%a)\n", from1, from1, x, x); // special values { #pragma STDC FENV_ACCESS ON feclearexcept(FE_ALL_EXCEPT); double from4 = DBL_MAX, to4 = nextafter(from4, INFINITY); printf("The next representable double after %.2g (%a) is %.23f (%a)\n", from4, from4, to4, to4); if(fetestexcept(FE_OVERFLOW)) puts(" raised FE_OVERFLOW"); if(fetestexcept(FE_INEXACT)) puts(" raised FE_INEXACT"); } // end FENV_ACCESS block float from5 = 0.0, to5 = nextafter(from5, -0.0); printf("nextafter(+0.0, -0.0) gives %.2g (%a)\n", to5, to5); }
输出
The next representable float after 0.00 is 1.4012984643248170709e-45 (0x1p-149) The next representable float after 1.00 is 1.00000011920928955078 (0x1.000002p+0) The number 0.1 lies between two valid doubles: 0.09999999999999999167332731531132594682276248931884765625 (0x1.9999999999999p-4) and 0.1000000000000000055511151231257827021181583404541015625 (0x1.999999999999ap-4) Using nextafter, next float after 0.00 (0x0p+0) is 0 (0x0p+0) Using nexttoward, next float after 0.00 (0x0p+0) is 1.4012984643248170709e-45 (0x1p-149) The next representable double after 1.8e+308 (0x1.fffffffffffffp+1023) is inf (inf) raised FE_OVERFLOW raised FE_INEXACT nextafter(+0.0, -0.0) gives -0 (-0x0p+0)
[编辑] 参考文献
- C23 标准 (ISO/IEC 9899:2024)
- 7.12.11.3 The nextafter functions (页码: 待定)
- 7.12.11.4 The nexttoward functions (页码: 待定)
- 7.25 类型泛型数学 <tgmath.h> (页码: 待定)
- F.10.8.3 The nextafter functions (页码: 待定)
- F.10.8.4 The nexttoward functions (页码: 待定)
- C17 标准 (ISO/IEC 9899:2018)
- 7.12.11.3 The nextafter functions (页码: 187)
- 7.12.11.4 The nexttoward functions (页码: 187)
- 7.25 类型泛型数学 <tgmath.h> (页码: 272-273)
- F.10.8.3 The nextafter functions (页码: 386)
- F.10.8.4 The nexttoward functions (页码: 386)
- C11 标准 (ISO/IEC 9899:2011)
- 7.12.11.3 The nextafter functions (页码: 256)
- 7.12.11.4 The nexttoward functions (页码: 257)
- 7.25 类型泛型数学 <tgmath.h> (页码: 373-375)
- F.10.8.3 The nextafter functions (页码: 529)
- F.10.8.4 The nexttoward functions (页码: 529)
- C99 标准 (ISO/IEC 9899:1999)
- 7.12.11.3 The nextafter functions (页码: 237)
- 7.12.11.4 The nexttoward functions (页码: 238)
- 7.22 类型泛型数学 <tgmath.h> (页码: 335-337)
- F.9.8.3 The nextafter functions (页码: 466)
- F.9.8.4 The nexttoward functions (页码: 466)
[编辑] 参见
C++ 文档 关于 nextafter
|