std::ranges::set_difference, std::ranges::set_difference_result
定义在头文件 <algorithm> 中 |
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调用签名 |
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template< std::input_iterator I1, std::sentinel_for<I1> S1, std::input_iterator I2, std::sentinel_for<I2> S2, |
(1) | (自 C++20 起) |
template< ranges::input_range R1, ranges::input_range R2, std::weakly_incrementable O, class Comp = ranges::less, |
(2) | (自 C++20 起) |
辅助类型 |
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template< class I, class O > using set_difference_result = ranges::in_out_result<I, O>; |
(3) | (自 C++20 起) |
将排序输入范围 [
first1,
last1)
中未在排序输入范围 [
first2,
last2)
中找到的元素复制到从 result 开始的输出范围。
如果以下情况,则行为未定义
- 输入范围未根据 comp 和 proj1 或 proj2 分别进行排序,或者
- 结果范围与任何输入范围重叠。
本页描述的类函数实体是 *niebloids*,也就是说
实际上,它们可能被实现为函数对象,或者使用特殊的编译器扩展。
内容 |
[edit] 参数
first1, last1 | - | 表示第一个排序的输入范围的迭代器-哨兵对 |
first2, last2 | - | 表示第二个排序的输入范围的迭代器-哨兵对 |
r1 | - | 第一个排序的输入范围 |
r2 | - | 第二个排序的输入范围 |
result | - | 输出范围的开头 |
comp | - | 要应用于投影元素的比较器 |
proj1 | - | 要应用于第一个范围中元素的投影 |
proj2 | - | 要应用于第二个范围中元素的投影 |
[edit] 返回值
{last1, result_last},其中 result_last 是构造范围的末尾。
[edit] 复杂度
最多 2·(N
1+N
2)-1 次比较和每个投影的应用,其中 N
1 和 N
2 分别是 ranges::distance(first1, last1) 和 ranges::distance(first2, last2)。
[edit] 可能的实现
struct set_difference_fn { template<std::input_iterator I1, std::sentinel_for<I1> S1, std::input_iterator I2, std::sentinel_for<I2> S2, std::weakly_incrementable O, class Comp = ranges::less, class Proj1 = std::identity, class Proj2 = std::identity> requires std::mergeable<I1, I2, O, Comp, Proj1, Proj2> constexpr ranges::set_difference_result<I1, O> operator()(I1 first1, S1 last1, I2 first2, S2 last2, O result, Comp comp = {}, Proj1 proj1 = {}, Proj2 proj2 = {}) const { while (!(first1 == last1 or first2 == last2)) { if (std::invoke(comp, std::invoke(proj1, *first1), std::invoke(proj2, *first2))) { *result = *first1; ++first1; ++result; } else if (std::invoke(comp, std::invoke(proj2, *first2), std::invoke(proj1, *first1))) ++first2; else { ++first1; ++first2; } } return ranges::copy(std::move(first1), std::move(last1), std::move(result)); } template<ranges::input_range R1, ranges::input_range R2, std::weakly_incrementable O, class Comp = ranges::less, class Proj1 = std::identity, class Proj2 = std::identity> requires std::mergeable<ranges::iterator_t<R1>, ranges::iterator_t<R2>, O, Comp, Proj1, Proj2> constexpr ranges::set_difference_result<ranges::borrowed_iterator_t<R1>, O> operator()(R1&& r1, R2&& r2, O result, Comp comp = {}, Proj1 proj1 = {}, Proj2 proj2 = {}) const { return (*this)(ranges::begin(r1), ranges::end(r1), ranges::begin(r2), ranges::end(r2), std::move(result), std::move(comp), std::move(proj1), std::move(proj2)); } }; inline constexpr set_difference_fn set_difference {}; |
[edit] 示例
#include <algorithm> #include <cassert> #include <iostream> #include <iterator> #include <string_view> #include <vector> auto print = [](const auto& v, std::string_view end = "") { std::cout << "{ "; for (auto n{v.size()}; auto i : v) std::cout << i << (--n ? ", " : " "); std::cout << "} " << end; }; struct Order // a struct with some very interesting data { int order_id{}; friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const Order& ord) { return os << '{' << ord.order_id << '}'; } }; int main() { const auto v1 = {1, 2, 5, 5, 5, 9}; const auto v2 = {2, 5, 7}; std::vector<int> diff{}; std::ranges::set_difference(v1, v2, std::back_inserter(diff)); print(v1, "∖ "); print(v2, "= "); print(diff, "\n\n"); // We want to know which orders "cut" between old and new states: const std::vector<Order> old_orders{{1}, {2}, {5}, {9}}; const std::vector<Order> new_orders{{2}, {5}, {7}}; std::vector<Order> cut_orders(old_orders.size() + new_orders.size()); auto [old_orders_end, cut_orders_last] = std::ranges::set_difference(old_orders, new_orders, cut_orders.begin(), {}, &Order::order_id, &Order::order_id); assert(old_orders_end == old_orders.end()); std::cout << "old orders = "; print(old_orders, "\n"); std::cout << "new orders = "; print(new_orders, "\n"); std::cout << "cut orders = "; print(cut_orders, "\n"); cut_orders.erase(cut_orders_last, end(cut_orders)); std::cout << "cut orders = "; print(cut_orders, "\n"); }
输出
{ 1, 2, 5, 5, 5, 9 } ∖ { 2, 5, 7 } = { 1, 5, 5, 9 } old orders = { {1}, {2}, {5}, {9} } new orders = { {2}, {5}, {7} } cut orders = { {1}, {9}, {0}, {0}, {0}, {0}, {0} } cut orders = { {1}, {9} }
[edit] 参见
(C++20) |
计算两个集合的并集 (niebloid) |
(C++20) |
计算两个集合的交集 (niebloid) |
计算两个集合的对称差 (niebloid) | |
(C++20) |
如果一个序列是另一个序列的子序列,则返回 true (niebloid) |
计算两个集合的差集 (函数模板) |