std::ranges::sample
来自 cppreference.com
定义在头文件 <algorithm> 中 |
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调用签名 |
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template< std::input_iterator I, std::sentinel_for<I> S, std::weakly_incrementable O, class Gen > |
(1) | (自 C++20 起) |
template< ranges::input_range R, std::weakly_incrementable O, class Gen > requires (ranges::forward_range<R> || std::random_access_iterator<O>) && |
(2) | (自 C++20 起) |
1) 从序列
[
first,
last)
中选择 M = min(n, last - first) 个元素(不重复),使得每个可能的样本都有相同的出现概率,并将这些选定的元素写入从 out 开始的范围。 仅当
I
模型 std::forward_iterator 时,该算法才是稳定的(保留选定元素的相对顺序)。 如果 out 位于
[
first,
last)
中,则行为未定义。此页面上描述的函数式实体是niebloids,即
在实践中,它们可以实现为函数对象,或者使用特殊的编译器扩展。
内容 |
[编辑] 参数
first1, last1 | - | 用于进行采样的范围(总体) |
r | - | 用于进行采样的范围(总体) |
out | - | 写入样本的输出迭代器 |
n | - | 要采集的样本数量 |
gen | - | 用作随机性来源的随机数生成器 |
[编辑] 返回值
一个等于 out + M 的迭代器,也就是结果样本范围的末尾。
[编辑] 复杂度
线性: 𝓞(last - first).
[编辑] 备注
此函数可能实现选择采样或 蓄水池采样。
[编辑] 可能的实现
struct sample_fn { template<std::input_iterator I, std::sentinel_for<I> S, std::weakly_incrementable O, class Gen> requires (std::forward_iterator<I> or std::random_access_iterator<O>) && std::indirectly_copyable<I, O> && std::uniform_random_bit_generator<std::remove_reference_t<Gen>> O operator()(I first, S last, O out, std::iter_difference_t<I> n, Gen&& gen) const { using diff_t = std::iter_difference_t<I>; using distrib_t = std::uniform_int_distribution<diff_t>; using param_t = typename distrib_t::param_type; distrib_t D{}; if constexpr (std::forward_iterator<I>) { // this branch preserves "stability" of the sample elements auto rest{ranges::distance(first, last)}; for (n = ranges::min(n, rest); n != 0; ++first) if (D(gen, param_t(0, --rest)) < n) { *out++ = *first; --n; } return out; } else { // O is a random_access_iterator diff_t sample_size{}; // copy [first, first + M) elements to "random access" output for (; first != last && sample_size != n; ++first) out[sample_size++] = *first; // overwrite some of the copied elements with randomly selected ones for (auto pop_size{sample_size}; first != last; ++first, ++pop_size) { const auto i{D(gen, param_t{0, pop_size})}; if (i < n) out[i] = *first; } return out + sample_size; } } template<ranges::input_range R, std::weakly_incrementable O, class Gen> requires (ranges::forward_range<R> or std::random_access_iterator<O>) && std::indirectly_copyable<ranges::iterator_t<R>, O> && std::uniform_random_bit_generator<std::remove_reference_t<Gen>> O operator()(R&& r, O out, ranges::range_difference_t<R> n, Gen&& gen) const { return (*this)(ranges::begin(r), ranges::end(r), std::move(out), n, std::forward<Gen>(gen)); } }; inline constexpr sample_fn sample {}; |
[编辑] 示例
运行此代码
#include <algorithm> #include <iomanip> #include <iostream> #include <iterator> #include <random> #include <vector> void print(auto const& rem, auto const& v) { std::cout << rem << " = [" << std::size(v) << "] { "; for (auto const& e : v) std::cout << e << ' '; std::cout << "}\n"; } int main() { const auto in = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}; print("in", in); std::vector<int> out; const int max = in.size() + 2; auto gen = std::mt19937{std::random_device{}()}; for (int n{}; n != max; ++n) { out.clear(); std::ranges::sample(in, std::back_inserter(out), n, gen); std::cout << "n = " << n; print(", out", out); } }
可能的输出
in = [6] { 1 2 3 4 5 6 } n = 0, out = [0] { } n = 1, out = [1] { 5 } n = 2, out = [2] { 4 5 } n = 3, out = [3] { 2 3 5 } n = 4, out = [4] { 2 4 5 6 } n = 5, out = [5] { 1 2 3 5 6 } n = 6, out = [6] { 1 2 3 4 5 6 } n = 7, out = [6] { 1 2 3 4 5 6 }
[编辑] 参见
(C++20) |
随机重新排序范围内的元素 (niebloid) |
(C++17) |
从序列中选择 N 个随机元素 (函数模板) |