std::ranges::search
定义于头文件 <algorithm> |
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调用签名 |
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template< std::forward_iterator I1, std::sentinel_for<I1> S1, std::forward_iterator I2, std::sentinel_for<I2> S2, |
(1) | (since C++20) |
template< ranges::forward_range R1, ranges::forward_range R2, class Pred = ranges::equal_to, |
(2) | (since C++20) |
[
first1,
last1)
中第一次出现的元素序列 [
first2,
last2)
。元素在分别使用 proj2 和 proj1 投影后,使用二元谓词 pred 进行比较。此页面上描述的类似函数的实体是算法函数对象 (非正式地称为 niebloids),也就是
内容 |
[编辑] 参数
first1, last1 | - | 定义要检查的元素范围的迭代器-哨兵对 (又名 haystack) |
first2, last2 | - | 定义要搜索的元素范围的迭代器-哨兵对 (又名 needle) |
r1 | - | 要检查的元素范围 (又名 haystack) |
r2 | - | 要搜索的元素范围 (又名 needle) |
pred | - | 要应用于投影元素的二元谓词 |
proj1 | - | 要应用于第一个范围中元素的投影 |
proj2 | - | 要应用于第二个范围中元素的投影 |
[编辑] 返回值
[
first1,
last1)
(又名 haystack) 中第一次出现的序列 [
first2,
last2)
(又名 needle),在分别对两个序列的元素应用投影 proj1 和 proj2,并随后应用二元谓词 pred 以比较投影元素之后。如果未找到此类出现,则返回 ranges::subrange{last1, last1}。
如果要搜索的范围 (又名 needle) 为空,即 first2 == last2,则返回 ranges::subrange{first1, first1}。[编辑] 复杂度
最多 S * N
次应用相应的谓词和每个投影,其中
(1) S = ranges::distance(first2, last2) 且 N = ranges::distance(first1, last1);
(2) S = ranges::distance(r2) 且 N = ranges::distance(r1)。
[编辑] 可能的实现
struct search_fn { template<std::forward_iterator I1, std::sentinel_for<I1> S1, std::forward_iterator I2, std::sentinel_for<I2> S2, class Pred = ranges::equal_to, class Proj1 = std::identity, class Proj2 = std::identity> requires std::indirectly_comparable<I1, I2, Pred, Proj1, Proj2> constexpr ranges::subrange<I1> operator()(I1 first1, S1 last1, I2 first2, S2 last2, Pred pred = {}, Proj1 proj1 = {}, Proj2 proj2 = {}) const { for (;; ++first1) { I1 it1 = first1; for (I2 it2 = first2;; ++it1, ++it2) { if (it2 == last2) return {first1, it1}; if (it1 == last1) return {it1, it1}; if (!std::invoke(pred, std::invoke(proj1, *it1), std::invoke(proj2, *it2))) break; } } } template<ranges::forward_range R1, ranges::forward_range R2, class Pred = ranges::equal_to, class Proj1 = std::identity, class Proj2 = std::identity> requires std::indirectly_comparable<ranges::iterator_t<R1>, ranges::iterator_t<R2>, Pred, Proj1, Proj2> constexpr ranges::borrowed_subrange_t<R1> operator()(R1&& r1, R2&& r2, Pred pred = {}, Proj1 proj1 = {}, Proj2 proj2 = {}) const { return (*this)(ranges::begin(r1), ranges::end(r1), ranges::begin(r2), ranges::end(r2), std::move(pred), std::move(proj1), std::move(proj2)); } }; inline constexpr search_fn search {}; |
[编辑] 示例
#include <algorithm> #include <cctype> #include <iostream> #include <iterator> #include <string_view> using namespace std::literals; void print(int id, const auto& haystack, const auto& needle, const auto& found) { std::cout << id << ") search(\"" << haystack << "\", \"" << needle << "\"); "; const auto first = std::distance(haystack.begin(), found.begin()); const auto last = std::distance(haystack.begin(), found.end()); if (found.empty()) std::cout << "not found;"; else { std::cout << "found: \""; for (const auto x : found) std::cout << x; std::cout << "\";"; } std::cout << " subrange: {" << first << ", " << last << "}\n"; } int main() { constexpr auto haystack {"abcd abcd"sv}; constexpr auto needle {"bcd"sv}; // the search uses iterator pairs begin()/end(): constexpr auto found1 = std::ranges::search( haystack.begin(), haystack.end(), needle.begin(), needle.end()); print(1, haystack, needle, found1); // the search uses ranges r1, r2: constexpr auto found2 = std::ranges::search(haystack, needle); print(2, haystack, needle, found2); // 'needle' range is empty: constexpr auto none {""sv}; constexpr auto found3 = std::ranges::search(haystack, none); print(3, haystack, none, found3); // 'needle' will not be found: constexpr auto awl {"efg"sv}; constexpr auto found4 = std::ranges::search(haystack, awl); print(4, haystack, awl, found4); // the search uses custom comparator and projections: constexpr auto bodkin {"234"sv}; auto found5 = std::ranges::search(haystack, bodkin, [](const int x, const int y) { return x == y; }, // pred [](const int x) { return std::toupper(x); }, // proj1 [](const int y) { return y + 'A' - '1'; }); // proj2 print(5, haystack, bodkin, found5); }
输出
1) search("abcd abcd", "bcd"); found: "bcd"; subrange: {1, 4} 2) search("abcd abcd", "bcd"); found: "bcd"; subrange: {1, 4} 3) search("abcd abcd", ""); not found; subrange: {0, 0} 4) search("abcd abcd", "efg"); not found; subrange: {9, 9} 5) search("abcd abcd", "234"); found: "bcd"; subrange: {1, 4}
[编辑] 参见
(C++20) |
查找首两个相邻且相等(或满足给定谓词)的项 (算法函数对象) |
(C++20)(C++20)(C++20) |
查找满足特定条件的第一个元素 (算法函数对象) |
(C++20) |
在某个范围中查找最后一个元素序列 (算法函数对象) |
(C++20) |
搜索元素集合中的任何一个 (算法函数对象) |
(C++23)(C++23) |
检查范围是否包含给定元素或子范围 (算法函数对象) |
(C++20) |
如果一个序列是另一个序列的子序列,则返回 true (算法函数对象) |
(C++20) |
查找两个范围不同的第一个位置 (算法函数对象) |
(C++20) |
在范围中搜索一个元素的若干个连续副本的第一次出现 (算法函数对象) |
搜索元素范围的第一次出现 (函数模板) |