std::ranges::search
定义在头文件 <algorithm> 中 |
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调用签名 |
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template< std::forward_iterator I1, std::sentinel_for<I1> S1, std::forward_iterator I2, std::sentinel_for<I2> S2, |
(1) | (自 C++20 起) |
template< ranges::forward_range R1, ranges::forward_range R2, class Pred = ranges::equal_to, |
(2) | (自 C++20 起) |
[
first1,
last1)
中搜索元素序列 [
first2,
last2)
的第一个出现位置。元素在被分别使用 proj2 和 proj1 投影后,使用二元谓词 pred 进行比较。此页面上描述的类似函数的实体是 *niebloids*,即
在实践中,它们可能作为函数对象实现,或使用特殊的编译器扩展。
内容 |
[edit] 参数
first1, last1 | - | 要检查的元素范围(也称为 *haystack*) |
first2, last2 | - | 要搜索的元素范围(也称为 *needle*) |
r1 | - | 要检查的元素范围(也称为 *haystack*) |
r2 | - | 要搜索的元素范围(也称为 *needle*) |
pred | - | 要应用于投影元素的二元谓词 |
proj1 | - | 要应用于第一个范围中元素的投影 |
proj2 | - | 要应用于第二个范围中元素的投影 |
[edit] 返回值
如果没有找到这样的出现,则返回 ranges::subrange{last1, last1}。
如果要搜索的范围(也称为 *needle*)为空,即 first2 == last2,则返回 ranges::subrange{first1, first1}。[edit] 复杂度
最多执行 `S * N` 次相应的谓词和每个投影的应用,其中
(1) S = ranges::distance(first2, last2) 且 N = ranges::distance(first1, last1);
(2) S = ranges::distance(r2) 且 N = ranges::distance(r1)。
[edit] 可能的实现
struct search_fn { template<std::forward_iterator I1, std::sentinel_for<I1> S1, std::forward_iterator I2, std::sentinel_for<I2> S2, class Pred = ranges::equal_to, class Proj1 = std::identity, class Proj2 = std::identity> requires std::indirectly_comparable<I1, I2, Pred, Proj1, Proj2> constexpr ranges::subrange<I1> operator()(I1 first1, S1 last1, I2 first2, S2 last2, Pred pred = {}, Proj1 proj1 = {}, Proj2 proj2 = {}) const { for (;; ++first1) { I1 it1 = first1; for (I2 it2 = first2;; ++it1, ++it2) { if (it2 == last2) return {first1, it1}; if (it1 == last1) return {it1, it1}; if (!std::invoke(pred, std::invoke(proj1, *it1), std::invoke(proj2, *it2))) break; } } } template<ranges::forward_range R1, ranges::forward_range R2, class Pred = ranges::equal_to, class Proj1 = std::identity, class Proj2 = std::identity> requires std::indirectly_comparable<ranges::iterator_t<R1>, ranges::iterator_t<R2>, Pred, Proj1, Proj2> constexpr ranges::borrowed_subrange_t<R1> operator()(R1&& r1, R2&& r2, Pred pred = {}, Proj1 proj1 = {}, Proj2 proj2 = {}) const { return (*this)(ranges::begin(r1), ranges::end(r1), ranges::begin(r2), ranges::end(r2), std::move(pred), std::move(proj1), std::move(proj2)); } }; inline constexpr search_fn search {}; |
[edit] 示例
#include <algorithm> #include <cctype> #include <iostream> #include <iterator> #include <string_view> using namespace std::literals; void print(int id, const auto& haystack, const auto& needle, const auto& found) { std::cout << id << ") search(\"" << haystack << "\", \"" << needle << "\"); "; const auto first = std::distance(haystack.begin(), found.begin()); const auto last = std::distance(haystack.begin(), found.end()); if (found.empty()) std::cout << "not found;"; else { std::cout << "found: \""; for (const auto x : found) std::cout << x; std::cout << "\";"; } std::cout << " subrange: {" << first << ", " << last << "}\n"; } int main() { constexpr auto haystack {"abcd abcd"sv}; constexpr auto needle {"bcd"sv}; // the search uses iterator pairs begin()/end(): constexpr auto found1 = std::ranges::search( haystack.begin(), haystack.end(), needle.begin(), needle.end()); print(1, haystack, needle, found1); // the search uses ranges r1, r2: constexpr auto found2 = std::ranges::search(haystack, needle); print(2, haystack, needle, found2); // 'needle' range is empty: constexpr auto none {""sv}; constexpr auto found3 = std::ranges::search(haystack, none); print(3, haystack, none, found3); // 'needle' will not be found: constexpr auto awl {"efg"sv}; constexpr auto found4 = std::ranges::search(haystack, awl); print(4, haystack, awl, found4); // the search uses custom comparator and projections: constexpr auto bodkin {"234"sv}; auto found5 = std::ranges::search(haystack, bodkin, [](const int x, const int y) { return x == y; }, // pred [](const int x) { return std::toupper(x); }, // proj1 [](const int y) { return y + 'A' - '1'; }); // proj2 print(5, haystack, bodkin, found5); }
输出
1) search("abcd abcd", "bcd"); found: "bcd"; subrange: {1, 4} 2) search("abcd abcd", "bcd"); found: "bcd"; subrange: {1, 4} 3) search("abcd abcd", ""); not found; subrange: {0, 0} 4) search("abcd abcd", "efg"); not found; subrange: {9, 9} 5) search("abcd abcd", "234"); found: "bcd"; subrange: {1, 4}
[edit] 另请参阅
(C++20) |
查找第一个相等的两个相邻项(或满足给定谓词的项) (niebloid) |
(C++20)(C++20)(C++20) |
查找第一个满足特定条件的元素 (niebloid) |
(C++20) |
查找某个范围中最后一个元素序列 (niebloid) |
(C++20) |
搜索一组元素中的任何一个 (niebloid) |
(C++23)(C++23) |
检查范围是否包含给定的元素或子范围 (niebloid) |
(C++20) |
如果一个序列是另一个序列的子序列,则返回 true (niebloid) |
(C++20) |
查找两个范围首次不同的位置 (niebloid) |
(C++20) |
搜索范围内元素的第一个连续副本数 (niebloid) |
搜索一组元素的第一次出现 (函数模板) |