标准库头文件 <memory>
来自 cppreference.com
此头文件是 动态内存管理 库的一部分。
包含 | |
(C++20) |
三路比较运算符 支持 |
类 | |
指针特性 | |
(C++11) |
提供有关指针类型的信息 (类模板) |
垃圾回收器支持 | |
(C++11)(在 C++23 中移除) |
列出指针安全模型 (枚举) |
分配器 | |
默认分配器 (类模板) | |
(C++11) |
提供有关分配器类型的信息 (类模板) |
(C++23) |
记录由 allocate_at_least 分配的存储地址和实际大小(类模板) |
(C++11) |
检查指定类型是否支持 uses-allocator 构造 (类模板) |
未初始化存储 | |
(在 C++17 中弃用)(在 C++20 中移除) |
一个迭代器,允许标准算法将结果存储在未初始化的内存中 (类模板) |
智能指针 | |
(C++11) |
具有唯一对象所有权语义的智能指针 (类模板) |
(C++11) |
具有共享对象所有权语义的智能指针 (类模板) |
(C++11) |
对由 std::shared_ptr 管理的对象的弱引用 (类模板) |
(在 C++11 中弃用)(在 C++17 中移除) |
具有严格对象所有权语义的智能指针 (类模板) |
辅助类 | |
(C++20) |
原子共享指针 (类模板特化) |
(C++20) |
原子弱指针 (类模板特化) |
(C++11) |
提供共享和弱指针的混合类型基于所有者的排序 (类模板) |
(C++26) |
为共享和弱指针提供基于所有者的哈希 (类) |
(C++26) |
提供共享和弱指针的混合类型基于所有者的相等比较 (类) |
(C++11) |
允许对象创建引用自身的 shared_ptr (类模板) |
(C++11) |
当访问引用已销毁对象的 weak_ptr 时抛出的异常(类) |
(C++11) |
用于 unique_ptr 的默认删除器 (类模板) |
(C++11) |
对 std::unique_ptr 的哈希支持 (类模板特化) |
(C++11) |
对 std::shared_ptr 的哈希支持 (类模板特化) |
智能指针适配器 | |
(C++23) |
与外部指针设置器互操作,并在销毁时重置智能指针 (类模板) |
(C++23) |
与外部指针设置器互操作,从智能指针获取初始指针值,并在销毁时重置它 (类模板) |
前向声明 | |
在头文件
<functional> 中定义 | |
(C++11) |
哈希函数对象 (类模板) |
在头文件
<atomic> 中定义 | |
(C++11) |
原子类模板和对 bool、整数、浮点数、(自 C++20 起)和指针类型的特化 (类模板) |
标签 | |
(C++11) |
用于选择支持分配器的构造函数的标签 (标签) |
函数 | |
支持分配器的构造 | |
准备与给定类型要求的 uses-allocator 构造风格相匹配的参数列表 (函数模板) | |
(C++20) |
通过 uses-allocator 构造创建给定类型的对象 (函数模板) |
通过 uses-allocator 构造在指定内存位置创建给定类型的对象 (函数模板) | |
杂项 | |
(C++20) |
从指针类型获取原始指针 (函数模板) |
(C++11) |
获取对象的实际地址,即使 & 运算符被重载(函数模板) |
(C++11) |
在缓冲区中对齐指针 (函数) |
(C++20) |
通知编译器指针已对齐 (函数模板) |
显式生命周期管理 | |
在给定存储中隐式创建对象,对象表示被重复使用 (函数模板) | |
垃圾回收器支持 | |
(C++11)(在 C++23 中移除) |
声明对象不能被回收 (函数) |
(C++11)(在 C++23 中移除) |
声明一个对象可以被回收 (函数模板) |
(C++11)(在 C++23 中移除) |
声明一个内存区域不包含可追踪的指针 (函数) |
(C++11)(在 C++23 中移除) |
取消 std::declare_no_pointers 的效果 (函数) |
(C++11)(在 C++23 中移除) |
返回当前的指针安全模型 (函数) |
未初始化存储 | |
将一个对象范围复制到未初始化的内存区域 (函数模板) | |
(C++11) |
将一定数量的对象复制到未初始化的内存区域 (函数模板) |
将一个对象复制到由范围定义的未初始化的内存区域 (函数模板) | |
将一个对象复制到由起始位置和数量定义的未初始化的内存区域 (函数模板) | |
(C++17) |
将一个对象范围移动到未初始化的内存区域 (函数模板) |
(C++17) |
将一定数量的对象移动到未初始化的内存区域 (函数模板) |
通过 默认初始化 在由范围定义的未初始化的内存区域中构造对象 (函数模板) | |
通过 默认初始化 在由起始位置和数量定义的未初始化的内存区域中构造对象 (函数模板) | |
通过 值初始化 在由范围定义的未初始化的内存区域中构造对象 (函数模板) | |
通过 值初始化 在由起始位置和数量定义的未初始化的内存区域中构造对象 (函数模板) | |
(C++20) |
在给定地址创建一个对象 (函数模板) |
(C++17) |
销毁给定地址的对象 (函数模板) |
(C++17) |
销毁一个对象范围 (函数模板) |
(C++17) |
销毁范围中一定数量的对象 (函数模板) |
(在 C++17 中弃用)(在 C++20 中移除) |
获取未初始化的存储空间 (函数模板) |
(在 C++17 中弃用)(在 C++20 中移除) |
释放未初始化的存储空间 (函数模板) |
智能指针非成员操作 | |
(C++14)(C++20) |
创建一个管理新对象的唯一指针 (函数模板) |
(C++20 中移除)(C++20) |
与另一个 unique_ptr 或 nullptr 进行比较(函数模板) |
创建一个管理新对象的共享指针 (函数模板) | |
创建一个使用分配器分配的管理新对象的共享指针 (函数模板) | |
对存储的指针应用 static_cast, dynamic_cast, const_cast 或 reinterpret_cast (函数模板) | |
如果拥有,则返回指定类型的删除器 (函数模板) | |
(C++20 中移除)(C++20 中移除)(C++20 中移除)(C++20 中移除)(C++20 中移除)(C++20) |
与另一个 shared_ptr 或 nullptr 进行比较(函数模板) |
将存储的指针的值输出到输出流 (函数模板) | |
(C++20) |
将管理的指针的值输出到输出流 (函数模板) |
(C++11) |
专门化 std::swap 算法 (函数模板) |
(C++11) |
专门化 std::swap 算法 (函数模板) |
(C++11) |
专门化 std::swap 算法 (函数模板) |
智能指针适配器创建 | |
(C++23) |
使用关联的智能指针和重置参数创建一个 out_ptr_t (函数模板) |
(C++23) |
使用关联的智能指针和重置参数创建一个 inout_ptr_t (函数模板) |
专门用于 std::shared_ptr 的原子操作(函数模板) |
类函数实体 | |
在
std::ranges 命名空间中定义 | |
未初始化存储 | |
(C++20) |
将一个对象范围复制到未初始化的内存区域 (niebloid) |
(C++20) |
将一定数量的对象复制到未初始化的内存区域 (niebloid) |
(C++20) |
将一个对象复制到由范围定义的未初始化的内存区域 (niebloid) |
(C++20) |
将一个对象复制到由起始位置和数量定义的未初始化的内存区域 (niebloid) |
(C++20) |
将一个对象范围移动到未初始化的内存区域 (niebloid) |
(C++20) |
将一定数量的对象移动到未初始化的内存区域 (niebloid) |
通过 默认初始化 在由范围定义的未初始化的内存区域中构造对象 (niebloid) | |
通过 默认初始化 在未初始化的内存区域中构造对象,该区域由起始位置和计数定义 (niebloid) | |
通过 值初始化 在由范围定义的未初始化的内存区域中构造对象 (niebloid) | |
通过 值初始化 在由起始位置和数量定义的未初始化的内存区域中构造对象 (niebloid) | |
(C++20) |
在给定地址创建一个对象 (niebloid) |
(C++20) |
销毁给定地址的对象 (niebloid) |
(C++20) |
销毁一个对象范围 (niebloid) |
(C++20) |
销毁范围中一定数量的对象 (niebloid) |
[编辑] 概要
#include <compare> namespace std { // pointer traits template<class Ptr> struct pointer_traits; template<class T> struct pointer_traits<T*>; // pointer conversion template<class T> constexpr T* to_address(T* p) noexcept; template<class Ptr> constexpr auto to_address(const Ptr& p) noexcept; // pointer alignment void* align(size_t alignment, size_t size, void*& ptr, size_t& space); template<size_t N, class T> constexpr T* assume_aligned(T* ptr); // explicit lifetime management template<class T> T* start_lifetime_as(void* p) noexcept; // freestanding template<class T> const T* start_lifetime_as(const void* p) noexcept; // freestanding template<class T> volatile T* start_lifetime_as(volatile void* p) noexcept; // freestanding template<class T> const volatile T* start_lifetime_as(const volatile void* p) noexcept; // freestanding template<class T> T* start_lifetime_as_array(void* p, size_t n) noexcept; // freestanding template<class T> const T* start_lifetime_as_array(const void* p, size_t n) noexcept; // freestanding template<class T> volatile T* start_lifetime_as_array(volatile void* p, size_t n) noexcept; // freestanding template<class T> const volatile T* start_lifetime_as_array(const volatile void* p, // freestanding size_t n) noexcept; // allocator argument tag struct allocator_arg_t { explicit allocator_arg_t() = default; }; inline constexpr allocator_arg_t allocator_arg{}; // uses_allocator template<class T, class Alloc> struct uses_allocator; // uses_allocator template<class T, class Alloc> inline constexpr bool uses_allocator_v = uses_allocator<T, Alloc>::value; // uses-allocator construction template<class T, class Alloc, class... Args> constexpr auto uses_allocator_construction_args(const Alloc& alloc, Args&&... args) noexcept; template<class T, class Alloc, class Tuple1, class Tuple2> constexpr auto uses_allocator_construction_args(const Alloc& alloc, piecewise_construct_t, Tuple1&& x, Tuple2&& y) noexcept; template<class T, class Alloc> constexpr auto uses_allocator_construction_args(const Alloc& alloc) noexcept; template<class T, class Alloc, class U, class V> constexpr auto uses_allocator_construction_args(const Alloc& alloc, U&& u, V&& v) noexcept; template<class T, class Alloc, class U, class V> constexpr auto uses_allocator_construction_args(const Alloc& alloc, const pair<U, V>& pr) noexcept; template<class T, class Alloc, class U, class V> constexpr auto uses_allocator_construction_args(const Alloc& alloc, pair<U, V>&& pr) noexcept; template<class T, class Alloc, class... Args> constexpr T make_obj_using_allocator(const Alloc& alloc, Args&&... args); template<class T, class Alloc, class... Args> constexpr T* uninitialized_construct_using_allocator(T* p, const Alloc& alloc, Args&&... args); // allocator traits template<class Alloc> struct allocator_traits; template<class Pointer, class SizeType = size_t> struct allocation_result { Pointer ptr; SizeType count; }; // the default allocator template<class T> class allocator; template<class T, class U> constexpr bool operator==(const allocator<T>&, const allocator<U>&) noexcept; // addressof template<class T> constexpr T* addressof(T& r) noexcept; template<class T> const T* addressof(const T&&) = delete; // specialized algorithms // special memory concepts template<class I> concept no-throw-input-iterator = /* see description */; // exposition only template<class I> concept no-throw-forward-iterator = /* see description */; // exposition only template<class S, class I> concept no-throw-sentinel-for = /* see description */; // exposition only template<class R> concept no-throw-input-range = /* see description */; // exposition only template<class R> concept no-throw-forward-range = /* see description */; // exposition only template<class NoThrowForwardIt> void uninitialized_default_construct(NoThrowForwardIt first, NoThrowForwardIt last); template<class ExecutionPolicy, class NoThrowForwardIt> void uninitialized_default_construct(ExecutionPolicy&& exec, NoThrowForwardIt first, NoThrowForwardIt last); template<class NoThrowForwardIt, class Size> NoThrowForwardIt uninitialized_default_construct_n(NoThrowForwardIt first, Size n); template<class ExecutionPolicy, class NoThrowForwardIt, class Size> NoThrowForwardIt uninitialized_default_construct_n(ExecutionPolicy&& exec, NoThrowForwardIt first, Size n); namespace ranges { template<no-throw-forward-iterator I, no-throw-sentinel-for<I> S> requires default_initializable<iter_value_t<I>> I uninitialized_default_construct(I first, S last); template<no-throw-forward-range R> requires default_initializable<range_value_t<R>> borrowed_iterator_t<R> uninitialized_default_construct(R&& r); template<no-throw-forward-iterator I> requires default_initializable<iter_value_t<I>> I uninitialized_default_construct_n(I first, iter_difference_t<I> n); } template<class NoThrowForwardIterator> void uninitialized_value_construct(NoThrowForwardIterator first, NoThrowForwardIterator last); template<class ExecutionPolicy, class NoThrowForwardIt> void uninitialized_value_construct(ExecutionPolicy&& exec, NoThrowForwardIt first, NoThrowForwardIt last); template<class NoThrowForwardIt, class Size> NoThrowForwardIt uninitialized_value_construct_n(NoThrowForwardIt first, Size n); template<class ExecutionPolicy, class NoThrowForwardIt, class Size> NoThrowForwardIt uninitialized_value_construct_n(ExecutionPolicy&& exec, NoThrowForwardIt first, Size n); namespace ranges { template<no-throw-forward-iterator I, no-throw-sentinel-for<I> S> requires default_initializable<iter_value_t<I>> I uninitialized_value_construct(I first, S last); template<no-throw-forward-range R> requires default_initializable<range_value_t<R>> borrowed_iterator_t<R> uninitialized_value_construct(R&& r); template<no-throw-forward-iterator I> requires default_initializable<iter_value_t<I>> I uninitialized_value_construct_n(I first, iter_difference_t<I> n); } template<class InputIt, class NoThrowForwardIt> NoThrowForwardIt uninitialized_copy(InputIt first, InputIt last, NoThrowForwardIt result); template<class ExecutionPolicy, class ForwardIt, class NoThrowForwardIt> NoThrowForwardIt uninitialized_copy(ExecutionPolicy&& exec, ForwardIt first, ForwardIt last, NoThrowForwardIt result); template<class InputIt, class Size, class NoThrowForwardIt> NoThrowForwardIt uninitialized_copy_n(InputIt first, Size n, NoThrowForwardIt result); template<class ExecutionPolicy, class ForwardIt, class Size, class NoThrowForwardIt> NoThrowForwardIt uninitialized_copy_n(ExecutionPolicy&& exec, ForwardIt first, Size n, NoThrowForwardIt result); namespace ranges { template<class I, class O> using uninitialized_copy_result = in_out_result<I, O>; template<input_iterator I, sentinel_for<I> S1, no-throw-forward-iterator O, no-throw-sentinel-for<O> S2> requires constructible_from<iter_value_t<O>, iter_reference_t<I>> uninitialized_copy_result<I, O> uninitialized_copy(I ifirst, S1 ilast, O ofirst, S2 olast); template<input_range IR, no-throw-forward-range OR> requires constructible_from<range_value_t<OR>, range_reference_t<IR>> uninitialized_copy_result<borrowed_iterator_t<IR>, borrowed_iterator_t<OR>> uninitialized_copy(IR&& in_range, OR&& out_range); template<class I, class O> using uninitialized_copy_n_result = in_out_result<I, O>; template<input_iterator I, no-throw-forward-iterator O, no-throw-sentinel-for<O> S> requires constructible_from<iter_value_t<O>, iter_reference_t<I>> uninitialized_copy_n_result<I, O> uninitialized_copy_n(I ifirst, iter_difference_t<I> n, O ofirst, S olast); } template<class InputIt, class NoThrowForwardIt> NoThrowForwardIt uninitialized_move(InputIt first, InputIt last, NoThrowForwardIt result); template<class ExecutionPolicy, class ForwardIt, class NoThrowForwardIt> NoThrowForwardIt uninitialized_move(ExecutionPolicy&& exec, ForwardIt first, ForwardIt last, NoThrowForwardIt result); template<class InputIt, class Size, class NoThrowForwardIt> pair<InputIt, NoThrowForwardIt> uninitialized_move_n(InputIt first, Size n, NoThrowForwardIt result); template<class ExecutionPolicy, class ForwardIt, class Size, class NoThrowForwardIt> pair<ForwardIt, NoThrowForwardIt> uninitialized_move_n(ExecutionPolicy&& exec, ForwardIt first, Size n, NoThrowForwardIt result); namespace ranges { template<class I, class O> using uninitialized_move_result = in_out_result<I, O>; template<input_iterator I, sentinel_for<I> S1, no-throw-forward-iterator O, no-throw-sentinel-for<O> S2> requires constructible_from<iter_value_t<O>, iter_rvalue_reference_t<I>> uninitialized_move_result<I, O> uninitialized_move(I ifirst, S1 ilast, O ofirst, S2 olast); template<input_range IR, no-throw-forward-range OR> requires constructible_from<range_value_t<OR>, range_rvalue_reference_t<IR>> uninitialized_move_result<borrowed_iterator_t<IR>, borrowed_iterator_t<OR>> uninitialized_move(IR&& in_range, OR&& out_range); template<class I, class O> using uninitialized_move_n_result = in_out_result<I, O>; template<input_iterator I, no-throw-forward-iterator O, no-throw-sentinel-for<O> S> requires constructible_from<iter_value_t<O>, iter_rvalue_reference_t<I>> uninitialized_move_n_result<I, O> uninitialized_move_n(I ifirst, iter_difference_t<I> n, O ofirst, S olast); } template<class NoThrowForwardIt, class T> void uninitialized_fill(NoThrowForwardIt first, NoThrowForwardIt last, const T& x); template<class ExecutionPolicy, class NoThrowForwardIt, class T> void uninitialized_fill(ExecutionPolicy&& exec, NoThrowForwardIt first, NoThrowForwardIt last, const T& x); template<class NoThrowForwardIt, class Size, class T> NoThrowForwardIt uninitialized_fill_n(NoThrowForwardIt first, Size n, const T& x); template<class ExecutionPolicy, class NoThrowForwardIt, class Size, class T> NoThrowForwardIt uninitialized_fill_n(ExecutionPolicy&& exec, NoThrowForwardIt first, Size n, const T& x); namespace ranges { template<no-throw-forward-iterator I, no-throw-sentinel-for<I> S, class T> requires constructible_from<iter_value_t<I>, const T&> I uninitialized_fill(I first, S last, const T& x); template<no-throw-forward-range R, class T> requires constructible_from<range_value_t<R>, const T&> borrowed_iterator_t<R> uninitialized_fill(R&& r, const T& x); template<no-throw-forward-iterator I, class T> requires constructible_from<iter_value_t<I>, const T&> I uninitialized_fill_n(I first, iter_difference_t<I> n, const T& x); } // construct_at template<class T, class... Args> constexpr T* construct_at(T* location, Args&&... args); namespace ranges { template<class T, class... Args> constexpr T* construct_at(T* location, Args&&... args); } // destroy template<class T> constexpr void destroy_at(T* location); template<class NoThrowForwardIt> constexpr void destroy(NoThrowForwardIt first, NoThrowForwardIt last); template<class ExecutionPolicy, class NoThrowForwardIt> void destroy(ExecutionPolicy&& exec, NoThrowForwardIt first, NoThrowForwardIt last); template<class NoThrowForwardIt, class Size> constexpr NoThrowForwardIt destroy_n(NoThrowForwardIt first, Size n); template<class ExecutionPolicy, class NoThrowForwardIt, class Size> NoThrowForwardIt destroy_n(ExecutionPolicy&& exec, NoThrowForwardIt first, Size n); namespace ranges { template<destructible T> constexpr void destroy_at(T* location) noexcept; template<no-throw-input-iterator I, no-throw-sentinel-for<I> S> requires destructible<iter_value_t<I>> constexpr I destroy(I first, S last) noexcept; template<no-throw-input-range R> requires destructible<range_value_t<R>> constexpr borrowed_iterator_t<R> destroy(R&& r) noexcept; template<no-throw-input-iterator I> requires destructible<iter_value_t<I>> constexpr I destroy_n(I first, iter_difference_t<I> n) noexcept; } // class template unique_ptr template<class T> struct default_delete; template<class T> struct default_delete<T[]>; template<class T, class D = default_delete<T>> class unique_ptr; template<class T, class D> class unique_ptr<T[], D>; template<class T, class... Args> unique_ptr<T> make_unique(Args&&... args); // T is not array template<class T> unique_ptr<T> make_unique(size_t n); // T is U[] template<class T, class... Args> /* unspecified */ make_unique(Args&&...) = delete; // T is U[N] template<class T> unique_ptr<T> make_unique_for_overwrite(); // T is not array template<class T> unique_ptr<T> make_unique_for_overwrite(size_t n); // T is U[] template<class T, class... Args> /* unspecified */ make_unique_for_overwrite(Args&&...) = delete; // T is U[N] template<class T, class D> void swap(unique_ptr<T, D>& x, unique_ptr<T, D>& y) noexcept; template<class T1, class D1, class T2, class D2> bool operator==(const unique_ptr<T1, D1>& x, const unique_ptr<T2, D2>& y); template<class T1, class D1, class T2, class D2> bool operator<(const unique_ptr<T1, D1>& x, const unique_ptr<T2, D2>& y); template<class T1, class D1, class T2, class D2> bool operator>(const unique_ptr<T1, D1>& x, const unique_ptr<T2, D2>& y); template<class T1, class D1, class T2, class D2> bool operator<=(const unique_ptr<T1, D1>& x, const unique_ptr<T2, D2>& y); template<class T1, class D1, class T2, class D2> bool operator>=(const unique_ptr<T1, D1>& x, const unique_ptr<T2, D2>& y); template<class T1, class D1, class T2, class D2> requires three_way_comparable_with<typename unique_ptr<T1, D1>::pointer, typename unique_ptr<T2, D2>::pointer> compare_three_way_result_t<typename unique_ptr<T1, D1>::pointer, typename unique_ptr<T2, D2>::pointer> operator<=>(const unique_ptr<T1, D1>& x, const unique_ptr<T2, D2>& y); template<class T, class D> bool operator==(const unique_ptr<T, D>& x, nullptr_t) noexcept; template<class T, class D> bool operator<(const unique_ptr<T, D>& x, nullptr_t); template<class T, class D> bool operator<(nullptr_t, const unique_ptr<T, D>& y); template<class T, class D> bool operator>(const unique_ptr<T, D>& x, nullptr_t); template<class T, class D> bool operator>(nullptr_t, const unique_ptr<T, D>& y); template<class T, class D> bool operator<=(const unique_ptr<T, D>& x, nullptr_t); template<class T, class D> bool operator<=(nullptr_t, const unique_ptr<T, D>& y); template<class T, class D> bool operator>=(const unique_ptr<T, D>& x, nullptr_t); template<class T, class D> bool operator>=(nullptr_t, const unique_ptr<T, D>& y); template<class T, class D> requires three_way_comparable<typename unique_ptr<T, D>::pointer> compare_three_way_result_t<typename unique_ptr<T, D>::pointer> operator<=>(const unique_ptr<T, D>& x, nullptr_t); template<class E, class T, class Y, class D> basic_ostream<E, T>& operator<<(basic_ostream<E, T>& os, const unique_ptr<Y, D>& p); // class bad_weak_ptr class bad_weak_ptr; // class template shared_ptr template<class T> class shared_ptr; // shared_ptr creation template<class T, class... Args> shared_ptr<T> make_shared(Args&&... args); // T is not array template<class T, class A, class... Args> shared_ptr<T> allocate_shared(const A& a, Args&&... args); // T is not array template<class T> shared_ptr<T> make_shared(size_t N); // T is U[] template<class T, class A> shared_ptr<T> allocate_shared(const A& a, size_t N); // T is U[] template<class T> shared_ptr<T> make_shared(); // T is U[N] template<class T, class A> shared_ptr<T> allocate_shared(const A& a); // T is U[N] template<class T> shared_ptr<T> make_shared(size_t N, const remove_extent_t<T>& u); // T is U[] template<class T, class A> shared_ptr<T> allocate_shared(const A& a, size_t N, const remove_extent_t<T>& u); // T is U[] template<class T> shared_ptr<T> make_shared(const remove_extent_t<T>& u); // T is U[N] template<class T, class A> shared_ptr<T> allocate_shared(const A& a, const remove_extent_t<T>& u); // T is U[N] template<class T> shared_ptr<T> make_shared_for_overwrite(); // T is not U[] template<class T, class A> shared_ptr<T> allocate_shared_for_overwrite(const A& a); // T is not U[] template<class T> shared_ptr<T> make_shared_for_overwrite(size_t N); // T is U[] template<class T, class A> shared_ptr<T> allocate_shared_for_overwrite(const A& a, size_t N); // T is U[] // shared_ptr comparisons template<class T, class U> bool operator==(const shared_ptr<T>& a, const shared_ptr<U>& b) noexcept; template<class T, class U> strong_ordering operator<=>(const shared_ptr<T>& a, const shared_ptr<U>& b) noexcept; template<class T> bool operator==(const shared_ptr<T>& x, nullptr_t) noexcept; template<class T> strong_ordering operator<=>(const shared_ptr<T>& x, nullptr_t) noexcept; // shared_ptr specialized algorithms template<class T> void swap(shared_ptr<T>& a, shared_ptr<T>& b) noexcept; // shared_ptr casts template<class T, class U> shared_ptr<T> static_pointer_cast(const shared_ptr<U>& r) noexcept; template<class T, class U> shared_ptr<T> static_pointer_cast(shared_ptr<U>&& r) noexcept; template<class T, class U> shared_ptr<T> dynamic_pointer_cast(const shared_ptr<U>& r) noexcept; template<class T, class U> shared_ptr<T> dynamic_pointer_cast(shared_ptr<U>&& r) noexcept; template<class T, class U> shared_ptr<T> const_pointer_cast(const shared_ptr<U>& r) noexcept; template<class T, class U> shared_ptr<T> const_pointer_cast(shared_ptr<U>&& r) noexcept; template<class T, class U> shared_ptr<T> reinterpret_pointer_cast(const shared_ptr<U>& r) noexcept; template<class T, class U> shared_ptr<T> reinterpret_pointer_cast(shared_ptr<U>&& r) noexcept; // shared_ptr get_deleter template<class D, class T> D* get_deleter(const shared_ptr<T>& p) noexcept; // shared_ptr I/O template<class E, class T, class Y> basic_ostream<E, T>& operator<<(basic_ostream<E, T>& os, const shared_ptr<Y>& p); // class template weak_ptr template<class T> class weak_ptr; // weak_ptr specialized algorithms template<class T> void swap(weak_ptr<T>& a, weak_ptr<T>& b) noexcept; // class template owner_less template<class T = void> struct owner_less; // class template enable_shared_from_this template<class T> class enable_shared_from_this; // hash support template<class T> struct hash; template<class T, class D> struct hash<unique_ptr<T, D>>; template<class T> struct hash<shared_ptr<T>>; // atomic smart pointers template<class T> struct atomic; template<class T> struct atomic<shared_ptr<T>>; template<class T> struct atomic<weak_ptr<T>>; // class template out_ptr_t template<class Smart, class Pointer, class... Args> class out_ptr_t; // function template out_ptr template<class Pointer = void, class Smart, class... Args> auto out_ptr(Smart& s, Args&&... args); // class template inout_ptr_t template<class Smart, class Pointer, class... Args> class inout_ptr_t; // function template inout_ptr template<class Pointer = void, class Smart, class... Args> auto inout_ptr(Smart& s, Args&&... args); } // deprecated namespace std { template<class T> bool atomic_is_lock_free(const shared_ptr<T>* p); template<class T> shared_ptr<T> atomic_load(const shared_ptr<T>* p); template<class T> shared_ptr<T> atomic_load_explicit(const shared_ptr<T>* p, memory_order mo); template<class T> void atomic_store(shared_ptr<T>* p, shared_ptr<T> r); template<class T> void atomic_store_explicit(shared_ptr<T>* p, shared_ptr<T> r, memory_order mo); template<class T> shared_ptr<T> atomic_exchange(shared_ptr<T>* p, shared_ptr<T> r); template<class T> shared_ptr<T> atomic_exchange_explicit(shared_ptr<T>* p, shared_ptr<T> r, memory_order mo); template<class T> bool atomic_compare_exchange_weak(shared_ptr<T>* p, shared_ptr<T>* v, shared_ptr<T> w); template<class T> bool atomic_compare_exchange_strong(shared_ptr<T>* p, shared_ptr<T>* v, shared_ptr<T> w); template<class T> bool atomic_compare_exchange_weak_explicit( shared_ptr<T>* p, shared_ptr<T>* v, shared_ptr<T> w, memory_order success, memory_order failure); template<class T> bool atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit( shared_ptr<T>* p, shared_ptr<T>* v, shared_ptr<T> w, memory_order success, memory_order failure); }
[编辑] 辅助概念
注意:这些名称仅用于说明,它们不是接口的一部分。
template<class I> concept no-throw-input-iterator = // exposition only input_iterator<I> && is_lvalue_reference_v<iter_reference_t<I>> && same_as<remove_cvref_t<iter_reference_t<I>>, iter_value_t<I>>; template<class S, class I> concept no-throw-sentinel-for = sentinel_for<S, I>; // exposition only template<class R> concept no-throw-input-range = // exposition only ranges::range<R> && no-throw-input-iterator<ranges::iterator_t<R>> && no-throw-sentinel-for<ranges::sentinel_t<R>, ranges::iterator_t<R>>; template<class I> concept no-throw-forward-iterator = // exposition only no-throw-input-iterator<I> && forward_iterator<I> && no-throw-sentinel-for<I, I>; template<class R> concept no-throw-forward-range = // exposition only no-throw-input-range<R> && no-throw-forward-iterator<ranges::iterator_t<R>>;
[编辑] 类模板 std::pointer_traits
namespace std { template<class Ptr> struct pointer_traits { using pointer = Ptr; using element_type = /* see description */; using difference_type = /* see description */; template<class U> using rebind = /* see description */; static pointer pointer_to(/* see description */ r); }; template<class T> struct pointer_traits<T*> { using pointer = T*; using element_type = T; using difference_type = ptrdiff_t; template<class U> using rebind = U*; static constexpr pointer pointer_to(/* see description */ r) noexcept; }; }
[编辑] 类 std::allocator_arg_t
namespace std { struct allocator_arg_t { explicit allocator_arg_t() = default; }; inline constexpr allocator_arg_t allocator_arg{}; }
[编辑] 类模板 std::allocator_traits
namespace std { template<class Alloc> struct allocator_traits { using allocator_type = Alloc; using value_type = typename Alloc::value_type; using pointer = /* see description */; using const_pointer = /* see description */; using void_pointer = /* see description */; using const_void_pointer = /* see description */; using difference_type = /* see description */; using size_type = /* see description */; using propagate_on_container_copy_assignment = /* see description */; using propagate_on_container_move_assignment = /* see description */; using propagate_on_container_swap = /* see description */; using is_always_equal = /* see description */; template<class T> using rebind_alloc = /* see description */; template<class T> using rebind_traits = allocator_traits<rebind_alloc<T>>; static pointer allocate(Alloc& a, size_type n); static pointer allocate(Alloc& a, size_type n, const_void_pointer hint); static constexpr allocation_result<pointer, size_type> allocate_at_least(Alloc& a, size_type n); static void deallocate(Alloc& a, pointer p, size_type n); template<class T, class... Args> static void construct(Alloc& a, T* p, Args&&... args); template<class T> static void destroy(Alloc& a, T* p); static size_type max_size(const Alloc& a) noexcept; static Alloc select_on_container_copy_construction(const Alloc& rhs); }; }
[编辑] 类模板 std::allocator
namespace std { template<class T> class allocator { public: using value_type = T; using size_type = size_t; using difference_type = ptrdiff_t; using propagate_on_container_move_assignment = true_type; constexpr allocator() noexcept; constexpr allocator(const allocator&) noexcept; template<class U> constexpr allocator(const allocator<U>&) noexcept; constexpr ~allocator(); constexpr allocator& operator=(const allocator&) = default; constexpr T* allocate(size_t n); constexpr allocation_result<T*> allocate_at_least(size_t n); constexpr void deallocate(T* p, size_t n); // deprecated using is_always_equal = true_type; }; }
[编辑] 类模板 std::default_delete
namespace std { template<class T> struct default_delete { constexpr default_delete() noexcept = default; template<class U> default_delete(const default_delete<U>&) noexcept; void operator()(T*) const; }; template<class T> struct default_delete<T[]> { constexpr default_delete() noexcept = default; template<class U> default_delete(const default_delete<U[]>&) noexcept; template<class U> void operator()(U* ptr) const; }; }
[编辑] 类模板 std::unique_ptr
namespace std { template<class T, class D = default_delete<T>> class unique_ptr { public: using pointer = /* see description */; using element_type = T; using deleter_type = D; // constructors constexpr unique_ptr() noexcept; explicit unique_ptr(pointer p) noexcept; unique_ptr(pointer p, /* see description */ d1) noexcept; unique_ptr(pointer p, /* see description */ d2) noexcept; unique_ptr(unique_ptr&& u) noexcept; constexpr unique_ptr(nullptr_t) noexcept; template<class U, class E> unique_ptr(unique_ptr<U, E>&& u) noexcept; // destructor ~unique_ptr(); // assignment unique_ptr& operator=(unique_ptr&& u) noexcept; template<class U, class E> unique_ptr& operator=(unique_ptr<U, E>&& u) noexcept; unique_ptr& operator=(nullptr_t) noexcept; // observers add_lvalue_reference_t<T> operator*() const noexcept(/* see description */); pointer operator->() const noexcept; pointer get() const noexcept; deleter_type& get_deleter() noexcept; const deleter_type& get_deleter() const noexcept; explicit operator bool() const noexcept; // modifiers pointer release() noexcept; void reset(pointer p = pointer()) noexcept; void swap(unique_ptr& u) noexcept; // disable copy from lvalue unique_ptr(const unique_ptr&) = delete; unique_ptr& operator=(const unique_ptr&) = delete; }; template<class T, class D> class unique_ptr<T[], D> { public: using pointer = /* see description */; using element_type = T; using deleter_type = D; // constructors constexpr unique_ptr() noexcept; template<class U> explicit unique_ptr(U p) noexcept; template<class U> unique_ptr(U p, /* see description */ d) noexcept; template<class U> unique_ptr(U p, /* see description */ d) noexcept; unique_ptr(unique_ptr&& u) noexcept; template<class U, class E> unique_ptr(unique_ptr<U, E>&& u) noexcept; constexpr unique_ptr(nullptr_t) noexcept; // destructor ~unique_ptr(); // assignment unique_ptr& operator=(unique_ptr&& u) noexcept; template<class U, class E> unique_ptr& operator=(unique_ptr<U, E>&& u) noexcept; unique_ptr& operator=(nullptr_t) noexcept; // observers T& operator[](size_t i) const; pointer get() const noexcept; deleter_type& get_deleter() noexcept; const deleter_type& get_deleter() const noexcept; explicit operator bool() const noexcept; // modifiers pointer release() noexcept; template<class U> void reset(U p) noexcept; void reset(nullptr_t = nullptr) noexcept; void swap(unique_ptr& u) noexcept; // disable copy from lvalue unique_ptr(const unique_ptr&) = delete; unique_ptr& operator=(const unique_ptr&) = delete; }; }
[编辑] 类 std::bad_weak_ptr
namespace std { class bad_weak_ptr : public exception { public: bad_weak_ptr() noexcept; }; }
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namespace std { template<class T> class shared_ptr { public: using element_type = remove_extent_t<T>; using weak_type = weak_ptr<T>; // constructors constexpr shared_ptr() noexcept; constexpr shared_ptr(nullptr_t) noexcept : shared_ptr() { } template<class Y> explicit shared_ptr(Y* p); template<class Y, class D> shared_ptr(Y* p, D d); template<class Y, class D, class A> shared_ptr(Y* p, D d, A a); template<class D> shared_ptr(nullptr_t p, D d); template<class D, class A> shared_ptr(nullptr_t p, D d, A a); template<class Y> shared_ptr(const shared_ptr<Y>& r, element_type* p) noexcept; template<class Y> shared_ptr(shared_ptr<Y>&& r, element_type* p) noexcept; shared_ptr(const shared_ptr& r) noexcept; template<class Y> shared_ptr(const shared_ptr<Y>& r) noexcept; shared_ptr(shared_ptr&& r) noexcept; template<class Y> shared_ptr(shared_ptr<Y>&& r) noexcept; template<class Y> explicit shared_ptr(const weak_ptr<Y>& r); template<class Y, class D> shared_ptr(unique_ptr<Y, D>&& r); // destructor ~shared_ptr(); // assignment shared_ptr& operator=(const shared_ptr& r) noexcept; template<class Y> shared_ptr& operator=(const shared_ptr<Y>& r) noexcept; shared_ptr& operator=(shared_ptr&& r) noexcept; template<class Y> shared_ptr& operator=(shared_ptr<Y>&& r) noexcept; template<class Y, class D> shared_ptr& operator=(unique_ptr<Y, D>&& r); // modifiers void swap(shared_ptr& r) noexcept; void reset() noexcept; template<class Y> void reset(Y* p); template<class Y, class D> void reset(Y* p, D d); template<class Y, class D, class A> void reset(Y* p, D d, A a); // observers element_type* get() const noexcept; T& operator*() const noexcept; T* operator->() const noexcept; element_type& operator[](ptrdiff_t i) const; long use_count() const noexcept; explicit operator bool() const noexcept; template<class U> bool owner_before(const shared_ptr<U>& b) const noexcept; template<class U> bool owner_before(const weak_ptr<U>& b) const noexcept; }; template<class T> shared_ptr(weak_ptr<T>) -> shared_ptr<T>; template<class T, class D> shared_ptr(unique_ptr<T, D>) -> shared_ptr<T>; }
[编辑] 类模板 std::weak_ptr
namespace std { template<class T> class weak_ptr { public: using element_type = remove_extent_t<T>; // constructors constexpr weak_ptr() noexcept; template<class Y> weak_ptr(const shared_ptr<Y>& r) noexcept; weak_ptr(const weak_ptr& r) noexcept; template<class Y> weak_ptr(const weak_ptr<Y>& r) noexcept; weak_ptr(weak_ptr&& r) noexcept; template<class Y> weak_ptr(weak_ptr<Y>&& r) noexcept; // destructor ~weak_ptr(); // assignment weak_ptr& operator=(const weak_ptr& r) noexcept; template<class Y> weak_ptr& operator=(const weak_ptr<Y>& r) noexcept; template<class Y> weak_ptr& operator=(const shared_ptr<Y>& r) noexcept; weak_ptr& operator=(weak_ptr&& r) noexcept; template<class Y> weak_ptr& operator=(weak_ptr<Y>&& r) noexcept; // modifiers void swap(weak_ptr& r) noexcept; void reset() noexcept; // observers long use_count() const noexcept; bool expired() const noexcept; shared_ptr<T> lock() const noexcept; template<class U> bool owner_before(const shared_ptr<U>& b) const noexcept; template<class U> bool owner_before(const weak_ptr<U>& b) const noexcept; }; template<class T> weak_ptr(shared_ptr<T>) -> weak_ptr<T>; }
[编辑] 类模板 std::owner_less
namespace std { template<class T = void> struct owner_less; template<class T> struct owner_less<shared_ptr<T>> { bool operator()(const shared_ptr<T>&, const shared_ptr<T>&) const noexcept; bool operator()(const shared_ptr<T>&, const weak_ptr<T>&) const noexcept; bool operator()(const weak_ptr<T>&, const shared_ptr<T>&) const noexcept; }; template<class T> struct owner_less<weak_ptr<T>> { bool operator()(const weak_ptr<T>&, const weak_ptr<T>&) const noexcept; bool operator()(const shared_ptr<T>&, const weak_ptr<T>&) const noexcept; bool operator()(const weak_ptr<T>&, const shared_ptr<T>&) const noexcept; }; template<> struct owner_less<void> { template<class T, class U> bool operator()(const shared_ptr<T>&, const shared_ptr<U>&) const noexcept; template<class T, class U> bool operator()(const shared_ptr<T>&, const weak_ptr<U>&) const noexcept; template<class T, class U> bool operator()(const weak_ptr<T>&, const shared_ptr<U>&) const noexcept; template<class T, class U> bool operator()(const weak_ptr<T>&, const weak_ptr<U>&) const noexcept; using is_transparent = /* unspecified */; }; }
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namespace std { template<class T> class enable_shared_from_this { protected: constexpr enable_shared_from_this() noexcept; enable_shared_from_this(const enable_shared_from_this&) noexcept; enable_shared_from_this& operator=(const enable_shared_from_this&) noexcept; ~enable_shared_from_this(); public: shared_ptr<T> shared_from_this(); shared_ptr<T const> shared_from_this() const; weak_ptr<T> weak_from_this() noexcept; weak_ptr<T const> weak_from_this() const noexcept; private: mutable weak_ptr<T> weak_this; // exposition only }; }
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namespace std { template<class T> struct atomic<shared_ptr<T>> { using value_type = shared_ptr<T>; static constexpr bool is_always_lock_free = /* implementation-defined */; bool is_lock_free() const noexcept; void store(shared_ptr<T> desired, memory_order order = memory_order::seq_cst) noexcept; shared_ptr<T> load(memory_order order = memory_order::seq_cst) const noexcept; operator shared_ptr<T>() const noexcept; shared_ptr<T> exchange(shared_ptr<T> desired, memory_order order = memory_order::seq_cst) noexcept; bool compare_exchange_weak(shared_ptr<T>& expected, shared_ptr<T> desired, memory_order success, memory_order failure) noexcept; bool compare_exchange_strong(shared_ptr<T>& expected, shared_ptr<T> desired, memory_order success, memory_order failure) noexcept; bool compare_exchange_weak(shared_ptr<T>& expected, shared_ptr<T> desired, memory_order order = memory_order::seq_cst) noexcept; bool compare_exchange_strong(shared_ptr<T>& expected, shared_ptr<T> desired, memory_order order = memory_order::seq_cst) noexcept; constexpr atomic() noexcept = default; atomic(shared_ptr<T> desired) noexcept; atomic(const atomic&) = delete; void operator=(const atomic&) = delete; void operator=(shared_ptr<T> desired) noexcept; private: shared_ptr<T> p; // exposition only }; }
[编辑] 类模板 std::atomic 用于 std::weak_ptr 的特化
namespace std { template<class T> struct atomic<weak_ptr<T>> { using value_type = weak_ptr<T>; static constexpr bool is_always_lock_free = /* implementation-defined */; bool is_lock_free() const noexcept; void store(weak_ptr<T> desired, memory_order order = memory_order::seq_cst) noexcept; weak_ptr<T> load(memory_order order = memory_order::seq_cst) const noexcept; operator weak_ptr<T>() const noexcept; weak_ptr<T> exchange(weak_ptr<T> desired, memory_order order = memory_order::seq_cst) noexcept; bool compare_exchange_weak(weak_ptr<T>& expected, weak_ptr<T> desired, memory_order success, memory_order failure) noexcept; bool compare_exchange_strong(weak_ptr<T>& expected, weak_ptr<T> desired, memory_order success, memory_order failure) noexcept; bool compare_exchange_weak(weak_ptr<T>& expected, weak_ptr<T> desired, memory_order order = memory_order::seq_cst) noexcept; bool compare_exchange_strong(weak_ptr<T>& expected, weak_ptr<T> desired, memory_order order = memory_order::seq_cst) noexcept; constexpr atomic() noexcept = default; atomic(weak_ptr<T> desired) noexcept; atomic(const atomic&) = delete; void operator=(const atomic&) = delete; void operator=(weak_ptr<T> desired) noexcept; private: weak_ptr<T> p; // exposition only }; }
[编辑] 类模板 std::out_ptr_t
namespace std { template<class Smart, class Pointer, class... Args> class out_ptr_t { public: explicit out_ptr_t(Smart&, Args...); out_ptr_t(const out_ptr_t&) = delete; ~out_ptr_t(); operator Pointer*() const noexcept; operator void**() const noexcept; private: Smart& s; // exposition only tuple<Args...> a; // exposition only Pointer p; // exposition only }; }
[编辑] 类模板 std::inout_ptr_t
namespace std { template<class Smart, class Pointer, class... Args> class inout_ptr_t { public: explicit inout_ptr_t(Smart&, Args...); inout_ptr_t(const inout_ptr_t&) = delete; ~inout_ptr_t(); operator Pointer*() const noexcept; operator void**() const noexcept; private: Smart& s; // exposition only tuple<Args...> a; // exposition only Pointer p; // exposition only }; }