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标准库头文件 <atomic> (C++11)

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标准库头文件
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内存管理
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元编程
<type_traits> (C++11)
<ratio> (C++11)
通用实用程序
<utility>
<tuple> (C++11)
<optional> (C++17)
<variant> (C++17)
<any> (C++17)
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字符串
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容器
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范围
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时间
<chrono> (C++11)
本地化
<codecvt> (C++11/17/26*)
<text_encoding> (C++26)
输入/输出
<filesystem> (C++17)
<cstdio>
<cinttypes> (C++11)
<strstream> (C++98/26*)
正则表达式
<regex> (C++11)
并发支持
<stop_token> (C++20)
<thread> (C++11)
<atomic> (C++11)
<rcu> (C++26)
<stdatomic.h> (C++23)
<mutex> (C++11)
<shared_mutex> (C++14)

<condition_variable> (C++11)  
<semaphore> (C++20)
<latch> (C++20)

<barrier> (C++20)
<future> (C++11)
<hazard_pointer> (C++26)

C 兼容性
<cstdbool> (C++11/17/20*)  
<ccomplex> (C++11/17/20*)
<ctgmath> (C++11/17/20*)

<cstdalign> (C++11/17/20*)

<ciso646> (直到 C++20)

 

此头文件是 并发支持 库的一部分。

内容

类

(C++11)
 atomic 类模板和针对 bool、整数、浮点数、(自 C++20 起) 和指针类型的特化
(类模板) [编辑]
(C++20)
 对非原子对象提供原子操作
(类模板) [编辑]
(C++11)
 无锁布尔原子类型
(类) [编辑]
(C++11)
 为给定原子操作定义内存排序约束
(枚举) [编辑]
(C++11)
 std::atomic<bool>
(类型定义) [编辑]
(C++11)
 std::atomic<char>
(类型定义) [编辑]
(C++11)
 std::atomic<signed char>
(类型定义) [编辑]
(C++11)
 std::atomic<unsigned char>
(类型定义) [编辑]
(C++11)
 std::atomic<short>
(类型定义) [编辑]
(C++11)
 std::atomic<unsigned short>
(类型定义) [编辑]
(C++11)
 std::atomic<int>
(类型定义) [编辑]
(C++11)
 std::atomic<unsigned int>
(类型定义) [编辑]
(C++11)
 std::atomic<long>
(类型定义) [编辑]
(C++11)
 std::atomic<unsigned long>
(类型定义) [编辑]
(C++11)
 std::atomic<long long>
(类型定义) [编辑]
(C++11)
 std::atomic<unsigned long long>
(类型定义) [编辑]
(C++20)
 std::atomic<char8_t>
(类型定义) [编辑]
(C++11)
 std::atomic<char16_t>
(类型定义) [编辑]
(C++11)
 std::atomic<char32_t>
(类型定义) [编辑]
(C++11)
 std::atomic<wchar_t>
(类型定义) [编辑]
(C++11)(可选)
 std::atomic<std::int8_t>
(类型定义) [编辑]
(C++11)(可选)
 std::atomic<std::uint8_t>
(类型定义) [编辑]
(C++11)(可选)
 std::atomic<std::int16_t>
(类型定义) [编辑]
(C++11)(可选)
 std::atomic<std::uint16_t>
(类型定义) [编辑]
(C++11)(可选)
 std::atomic<std::int32_t>
(类型定义) [编辑]
(C++11)(可选)
 std::atomic<std::uint32_t>
(类型定义) [编辑]
(C++11)(可选)
 std::atomic<std::int64_t>
(类型定义) [编辑]
(C++11)(可选)
 std::atomic<std::uint64_t>
(类型定义) [编辑]
(C++11)
 std::atomic<std::int_least8_t>
(类型定义) [编辑]
(C++11)
 std::atomic<std::uint_least8_t>
(类型定义) [编辑]
(C++11)
 std::atomic<std::int_least16_t>
(类型定义) [编辑]
(C++11)
 std::atomic<std::uint_least16_t>
(类型定义) [编辑]
(C++11)
 std::atomic<std::int_least32_t>
(类型定义) [编辑]
(C++11)
 std::atomic<std::uint_least32_t>
(类型定义) [编辑]
(C++11)
 std::atomic<std::int_least64_t>
(类型定义) [编辑]
(C++11)
 std::atomic<std::uint_least64_t>
(类型定义) [编辑]
(C++11)
 std::atomic<std::int_fast8_t>
(类型定义) [编辑]
(C++11)
 std::atomic<std::uint_fast8_t>
(类型定义) [编辑]
(C++11)
 std::atomic<std::int_fast16_t>
(类型定义) [编辑]
(C++11)
 std::atomic<std::uint_fast16_t>
(类型定义) [编辑]
(C++11)
 std::atomic<std::int_fast32_t>
(类型定义) [编辑]
(C++11)
 std::atomic<std::uint_fast32_t>
(类型定义) [编辑]
(C++11)
 std::atomic<std::int_fast64_t>
(类型定义) [编辑]
(C++11)
 std::atomic<std::uint_fast64_t>
(类型定义) [编辑]
(C++11)(可选)
 std::atomic<std::intptr_t>
(类型定义) [编辑]
(C++11)(可选)
 std::atomic<std::uintptr_t>
(类型定义) [编辑]
(C++11)
 std::atomic<std::size_t>
(类型定义) [编辑]
(C++11)
 std::atomic<std::ptrdiff_t>
(类型定义) [编辑]
(C++11)
 std::atomic<std::intmax_t>
(类型定义) [编辑]
(C++11)
 std::atomic<std::uintmax_t>
(类型定义) [编辑]
(C++20)
 一个无锁的有符号整型原子类型，其等待/通知效率最高
(类型定义) [编辑]
(C++20)
 一个无锁的无符号整型原子类型，其等待/通知效率最高
(类型定义) [编辑]

函数

(C++11)
 检查原子类型的操作是否为无锁
(函数模板) [编辑]
(C++11)(C++11)
 以原子方式将原子对象的的值替换为非原子参数
(函数模板) [编辑]
(C++11)(C++11)
 以原子方式获取存储在原子对象中的值
(函数模板) [编辑]
(C++11)(C++11)
 原子地将原子对象的 value 替换为非原子参数，并返回原子对象的旧值。
(函数模板) [编辑]
(C++11)(C++11)(C++11)(C++11)
 原子地将原子对象的 value 与非原子参数进行比较，如果相等则执行原子交换，否则执行原子加载。
(函数模板) [编辑]
(C++11)(C++11)
 将非原子 value 加到原子对象，并获得原子对象的旧值。
(函数模板) [编辑]
(C++11)(C++11)
 从原子对象中减去非原子 value，并获得原子对象的旧值。
(函数模板) [编辑]
(C++11)(C++11)
 用原子对象与非原子参数的按位与运算结果替换原子对象，并获得原子对象的旧值。
(函数模板) [编辑]
(C++11)(C++11)
 用原子对象与非原子参数的按位或运算结果替换原子对象，并获得原子对象的旧值。
(函数模板) [编辑]
(C++11)(C++11)
 用原子对象与非原子参数的按位异或运算结果替换原子对象，并获得原子对象的旧值。
(函数模板) [编辑]
(C++26)(C++26)
 用 std::max 与非原子参数的结果替换原子对象，并获得原子对象的旧值。
(函数模板) [编辑]
(C++26)(C++26)
 用 std::min 与非原子参数的结果替换原子对象，并获得原子对象的旧值。
(函数模板) [编辑]
(C++20)(C++20)
 阻塞线程，直到收到通知并且原子 value 发生改变。
(函数模板) [编辑]
(C++20)
 通知一个在 atomic_wait 中被阻塞的线程。
(函数模板) [编辑]
(C++20)
 通知所有在 atomic_wait 中被阻塞的线程。
(函数模板) [编辑]
(C++20)(C++20)
 原子地返回标志的值。
(函数) [编辑]
(C++11)(C++11)
 原子地将标志设置为 true，并返回其之前的 value。
(函数) [编辑]
(C++11)(C++11)
 原子地将标志的值设置为 false
(函数) [编辑]
(C++20)(C++20)
 阻塞线程，直到收到通知并且标志发生改变。
(函数) [编辑]
(C++20)
 通知一个在 atomic_flag_wait 中被阻塞的线程。
(函数) [编辑]
(C++20)
 通知所有在 atomic_flag_wait 中被阻塞的线程。
(函数) [编辑]
(C++11)(C++20 中已弃用)
 对默认构造的原子对象进行非原子初始化。
(函数模板) [编辑]
(C++11)
 从 std::memory_order_consume 依赖树中移除指定对象。
(函数模板) [编辑]
(C++11)
 通用内存顺序相关的栅栏同步原语。
(函数) [编辑]
(C++11)
 线程与在同一线程中执行的信号处理程序之间的栅栏。
(函数) [编辑]

宏

(C++11)(C++20 中已弃用)
 静态存储期的原子变量的常量初始化。
(函数宏) [编辑]
(C++11)
 将 std::atomic_flag 初始化为 false
(宏常量) [编辑]

[编辑] 概要

namespace std {
  /* until C++20:
  enum memory_order {
    memory_order_relaxed,
    memory_order_consume,
    memory_order_acquire,
    memory_order_release,
    memory_order_acq_rel,
    memory_order_seq_cst
  };
  */
 
  enum class memory_order : /* unspecified */;
  inline constexpr memory_order memory_order_relaxed = memory_order::relaxed;
  inline constexpr memory_order memory_order_consume = memory_order::consume;
  inline constexpr memory_order memory_order_acquire = memory_order::acquire;
  inline constexpr memory_order memory_order_release = memory_order::release;
  inline constexpr memory_order memory_order_acq_rel = memory_order::acq_rel;
  inline constexpr memory_order memory_order_seq_cst = memory_order::seq_cst;
 
  template<class T>
    T kill_dependency(T y) noexcept;
 
  // lock-free property
  #define ATOMIC_BOOL_LOCK_FREE /* unspecified */
  #define ATOMIC_CHAR_LOCK_FREE /* unspecified */
  #define ATOMIC_CHAR8_T_LOCK_FREE /* unspecified */
  #define ATOMIC_CHAR16_T_LOCK_FREE /* unspecified */
  #define ATOMIC_CHAR32_T_LOCK_FREE /* unspecified */
  #define ATOMIC_WCHAR_T_LOCK_FREE /* unspecified */
  #define ATOMIC_SHORT_LOCK_FREE /* unspecified */
  #define ATOMIC_INT_LOCK_FREE /* unspecified */
  #define ATOMIC_LONG_LOCK_FREE /* unspecified */
  #define ATOMIC_LLONG_LOCK_FREE /* unspecified */
  #define ATOMIC_POINTER_LOCK_FREE /* unspecified */
 
  // class template atomic_ref
  template<class T> struct atomic_ref;
  // partial specialization for pointers
  template<class T> struct atomic_ref<T*>;
 
  // class template atomic
  template<class T> struct atomic;
  // partial specialization for pointers
  template<class T> struct atomic<T*>;
 
  // non-member functions
  template<class T>
    bool atomic_is_lock_free(const volatile atomic<T>*) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    bool atomic_is_lock_free(const atomic<T>*) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    void atomic_store(volatile atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::value_type) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    void atomic_store(atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::value_type) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    void atomic_store_explicit(volatile atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::value_type,
                               memory_order) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    void atomic_store_explicit(atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::value_type,
                               memory_order) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    T atomic_load(const volatile atomic<T>*) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    T atomic_load(const atomic<T>*) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    T atomic_load_explicit(const volatile atomic<T>*, memory_order) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    T atomic_load_explicit(const atomic<T>*, memory_order) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    T atomic_exchange(volatile atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::value_type) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    T atomic_exchange(atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::value_type) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    T atomic_exchange_explicit(volatile atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::value_type,
                               memory_order) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    T atomic_exchange_explicit(atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::value_type,
                               memory_order) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    bool atomic_compare_exchange_weak(volatile atomic<T>*,
                                      typename atomic<T>::value_type*,
                                      typename atomic<T>::value_type) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    bool atomic_compare_exchange_weak(atomic<T>*,
                                      typename atomic<T>::value_type*,
                                      typename atomic<T>::value_type) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    bool atomic_compare_exchange_strong(volatile atomic<T>*,
                                        typename atomic<T>::value_type*,
                                        typename atomic<T>::value_type) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    bool atomic_compare_exchange_strong(atomic<T>*,
                                        typename atomic<T>::value_type*,
                                        typename atomic<T>::value_type) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    bool atomic_compare_exchange_weak_explicit(volatile atomic<T>*,
                                               typename atomic<T>::value_type*,
                                               typename atomic<T>::value_type,
                                               memory_order, memory_order) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    bool atomic_compare_exchange_weak_explicit(atomic<T>*,
                                               typename atomic<T>::value_type*,
                                               typename atomic<T>::value_type,
                                               memory_order, memory_order) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    bool atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit(volatile atomic<T>*,
                                                 typename atomic<T>::value_type*,
                                                 typename atomic<T>::value_type,
                                                 memory_order, memory_order) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    bool atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit(atomic<T>*,
                                                 typename atomic<T>::value_type*,
                                                 typename atomic<T>::value_type,
                                                 memory_order, memory_order) noexcept;
 
  template<class T>
    T atomic_fetch_add(volatile atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::difference_type) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    T atomic_fetch_add(atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::difference_type) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    T atomic_fetch_add_explicit(volatile atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::difference_type,
                                memory_order) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    T atomic_fetch_add_explicit(atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::difference_type,
                                memory_order) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    T atomic_fetch_sub(volatile atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::difference_type) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    T atomic_fetch_sub(atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::difference_type) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    T atomic_fetch_sub_explicit(volatile atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::difference_type,
                                memory_order) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    T atomic_fetch_sub_explicit(atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::difference_type,
                                memory_order) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    T atomic_fetch_and(volatile atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::value_type) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    T atomic_fetch_and(atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::value_type) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    T atomic_fetch_and_explicit(volatile atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::value_type,
                                memory_order) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    T atomic_fetch_and_explicit(atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::value_type,
                                memory_order) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    T atomic_fetch_or(volatile atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::value_type) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    T atomic_fetch_or(atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::value_type) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    T atomic_fetch_or_explicit(volatile atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::value_type,
                               memory_order) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    T atomic_fetch_or_explicit(atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::value_type,
                               memory_order) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    T atomic_fetch_xor(volatile atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::value_type) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    T atomic_fetch_xor(atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::value_type) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    T atomic_fetch_xor_explicit(volatile atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::value_type,
                                memory_order) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    T atomic_fetch_xor_explicit(atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::value_type,
                                memory_order) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    T atomic_fetch_max(volatile atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::value_type) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    T atomic_fetch_max(atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::value_type) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    T atomic_fetch_max_explicit(volatile atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::value_type,
                                memory_order) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    T atomic_fetch_max_explicit(atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::value_type,
                                memory_order) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    T atomic_fetch_min(volatile atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::value_type) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    T atomic_fetch_min(atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::value_type) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    T atomic_fetch_min_explicit(volatile atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::value_type,
                                memory_order) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    T atomic_fetch_min_explicit(atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::value_type,
                                memory_order) noexcept;
 
  template<class T>
    void atomic_wait(const volatile atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::value_type);
  template<class T>
    void atomic_wait(const atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::value_type);
  template<class T>
    void atomic_wait_explicit(const volatile atomic<T>*,
                              typename atomic<T>::value_type, memory_order);
  template<class T>
    void atomic_wait_explicit(const atomic<T>*,
                              typename atomic<T>::value_type, memory_order);
  template<class T>
    void atomic_notify_one(volatile atomic<T>*);
  template<class T>
    void atomic_notify_one(atomic<T>*);
  template<class T>
    void atomic_notify_all(volatile atomic<T>*);
  template<class T>
    void atomic_notify_all(atomic<T>*);
 
  // type aliases
  using atomic_bool           = atomic<bool>;
  using atomic_char           = atomic<char>;
  using atomic_schar          = atomic<signed char>;
  using atomic_uchar          = atomic<unsigned char>;
  using atomic_short          = atomic<short>;
  using atomic_ushort         = atomic<unsigned short>;
  using atomic_int            = atomic<int>;
  using atomic_uint           = atomic<unsigned int>;
  using atomic_long           = atomic<long>;
  using atomic_ulong          = atomic<unsigned long>;
  using atomic_llong          = atomic<long long>;
  using atomic_ullong         = atomic<unsigned long long>;
  using atomic_char8_t        = atomic<char8_t>;
  using atomic_char16_t       = atomic<char16_t>;
  using atomic_char32_t       = atomic<char32_t>;
  using atomic_wchar_t        = atomic<wchar_t>;
 
  using atomic_int8_t         = atomic<int8_t>;
  using atomic_uint8_t        = atomic<uint8_t>;
  using atomic_int16_t        = atomic<int16_t>;
  using atomic_uint16_t       = atomic<uint16_t>;
  using atomic_int32_t        = atomic<int32_t>;
  using atomic_uint32_t       = atomic<uint32_t>;
  using atomic_int64_t        = atomic<int64_t>;
  using atomic_uint64_t       = atomic<uint64_t>;
 
  using atomic_int_least8_t   = atomic<int_least8_t>;
  using atomic_uint_least8_t  = atomic<uint_least8_t>;
  using atomic_int_least16_t  = atomic<int_least16_t>;
  using atomic_uint_least16_t = atomic<uint_least16_t>;
  using atomic_int_least32_t  = atomic<int_least32_t>;
  using atomic_uint_least32_t = atomic<uint_least32_t>;
  using atomic_int_least64_t  = atomic<int_least64_t>;
  using atomic_uint_least64_t = atomic<uint_least64_t>;
 
  using atomic_int_fast8_t    = atomic<int_fast8_t>;
  using atomic_uint_fast8_t   = atomic<uint_fast8_t>;
  using atomic_int_fast16_t   = atomic<int_fast16_t>;
  using atomic_uint_fast16_t  = atomic<uint_fast16_t>;
  using atomic_int_fast32_t   = atomic<int_fast32_t>;
  using atomic_uint_fast32_t  = atomic<uint_fast32_t>;
  using atomic_int_fast64_t   = atomic<int_fast64_t>;
  using atomic_uint_fast64_t  = atomic<uint_fast64_t>;
 
  using atomic_intptr_t       = atomic<intptr_t>;
  using atomic_uintptr_t      = atomic<uintptr_t>;
  using atomic_size_t         = atomic<size_t>;
  using atomic_ptrdiff_t      = atomic<ptrdiff_t>;
  using atomic_intmax_t       = atomic<intmax_t>;
  using atomic_uintmax_t      = atomic<uintmax_t>;
 
  using atomic_signed_lock_free   = /* see description */;
  using atomic_unsigned_lock_free = /* see description */;
 
  // flag type and operations
  struct atomic_flag;
 
  bool atomic_flag_test(const volatile atomic_flag*) noexcept;
  bool atomic_flag_test(const atomic_flag*) noexcept;
  bool atomic_flag_test_explicit(const volatile atomic_flag*, memory_order) noexcept;
  bool atomic_flag_test_explicit(const atomic_flag*, memory_order) noexcept;
  bool atomic_flag_test_and_set(volatile atomic_flag*) noexcept;
  bool atomic_flag_test_and_set(atomic_flag*) noexcept;
  bool atomic_flag_test_and_set_explicit(volatile atomic_flag*, memory_order) noexcept;
  bool atomic_flag_test_and_set_explicit(atomic_flag*, memory_order) noexcept;
  void atomic_flag_clear(volatile atomic_flag*) noexcept;
  void atomic_flag_clear(atomic_flag*) noexcept;
  void atomic_flag_clear_explicit(volatile atomic_flag*, memory_order) noexcept;
  void atomic_flag_clear_explicit(atomic_flag*, memory_order) noexcept;
 
  void atomic_flag_wait(const volatile atomic_flag*, bool) noexcept;
  void atomic_flag_wait(const atomic_flag*, bool) noexcept;
  void atomic_flag_wait_explicit(const volatile atomic_flag*,
                                 bool, memory_order) noexcept;
  void atomic_flag_wait_explicit(const atomic_flag*,
                                 bool, memory_order) noexcept;
  void atomic_flag_notify_one(volatile atomic_flag*) noexcept;
  void atomic_flag_notify_one(atomic_flag*) noexcept;
  void atomic_flag_notify_all(volatile atomic_flag*) noexcept;
  void atomic_flag_notify_all(atomic_flag*) noexcept;
 
  // fences
  extern "C" void atomic_thread_fence(memory_order) noexcept;
  extern "C" void atomic_signal_fence(memory_order) noexcept;
}
 
// deprecated
namespace std {
  template<class T>
    void atomic_init(volatile atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::value_type) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    void atomic_init(atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::value_type) noexcept;
 
  #define ATOMIC_VAR_INIT(value) /* see description */
 
  #define ATOMIC_FLAG_INIT /* see description */
}

[编辑] 类模板 std::atomic

namespace std {
  template<class T> struct atomic {
    using value_type = T;
 
    static constexpr bool is_always_lock_free = /* implementation-defined */;
    bool is_lock_free() const volatile noexcept;
    bool is_lock_free() const noexcept;
 
    // operations on atomic types
    constexpr atomic() noexcept(is_nothrow_default_constructible_v<T>);
    constexpr atomic(T) noexcept;
    atomic(const atomic&) = delete;
    atomic& operator=(const atomic&) = delete;
    atomic& operator=(const atomic&) volatile = delete;
 
    T load(memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) const volatile noexcept;
    T load(memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) const noexcept;
    operator T() const volatile noexcept;
    operator T() const noexcept;
    void store(T, memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) volatile noexcept;
    void store(T, memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) noexcept;
    T operator=(T) volatile noexcept;
    T operator=(T) noexcept;
 
    T exchange(T, memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) volatile noexcept;
    T exchange(T, memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_weak(T&, T, memory_order, memory_order) volatile noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_weak(T&, T, memory_order, memory_order) noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_strong(T&, T, memory_order, memory_order) volatile noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_strong(T&, T, memory_order, memory_order) noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_weak(T&, T,
                               memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) volatile noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_weak(T&, T, memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_strong(T&, T,
                                 memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) volatile noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_strong(T&, T, memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) noexcept;
 
    void wait(T, memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) const volatile noexcept;
    void wait(T, memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) const noexcept;
    void notify_one() volatile noexcept;
    void notify_one() noexcept;
    void notify_all() volatile noexcept;
    void notify_all() noexcept;
  };
}

[编辑] 对于整数类型的 std::atomic 的特化

namespace std {
  template<> struct atomic</* integral */> {
    using value_type = /* integral */;
    using difference_type = value_type;
 
    static constexpr bool is_always_lock_free = /* implementation-defined */;
    bool is_lock_free() const volatile noexcept;
    bool is_lock_free() const noexcept;
 
    constexpr atomic() noexcept;
    constexpr atomic(/* integral */) noexcept;
    atomic(const atomic&) = delete;
    atomic& operator=(const atomic&) = delete;
    atomic& operator=(const atomic&) volatile = delete;
 
    void store(/* integral */, memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) volatile noexcept;
    void store(/* integral */, memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) noexcept;
    /* integral */ operator=(/* integral */) volatile noexcept;
    /* integral */ operator=(/* integral */) noexcept;
    /* integral */ load(memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) const volatile noexcept;
    /* integral */ load(memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) const noexcept;
    operator /* integral */() const volatile noexcept;
    operator /* integral */() const noexcept;
 
    /* integral */ exchange(/* integral */,
                        memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) volatile noexcept;
    /* integral */ exchange(/* integral */,
                        memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_weak(/* integral */&, /* integral */,
                               memory_order, memory_order) volatile noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_weak(/* integral */&, /* integral */,
                               memory_order, memory_order) noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_strong(/* integral */&, /* integral */,
                                 memory_order, memory_order) volatile noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_strong(/* integral */&, /* integral */,
                                 memory_order, memory_order) noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_weak(/* integral */&, /* integral */,
                               memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) volatile noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_weak(/* integral */&, /* integral */,
                               memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_strong(/* integral */&, /* integral */,
                                 memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) volatile noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_strong(/* integral */&, /* integral */,
                                 memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) noexcept;
 
    /* integral */ fetch_add(/* integral */,
                         memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) volatile noexcept;
    /* integral */ fetch_add(/* integral */,
                         memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) noexcept;
    /* integral */ fetch_sub(/* integral */,
                         memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) volatile noexcept;
    /* integral */ fetch_sub(/* integral */,
                         memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) noexcept;
    /* integral */ fetch_and(/* integral */,
                         memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) volatile noexcept;
    /* integral */ fetch_and(/* integral */,
                         memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) noexcept;
    /* integral */ fetch_or(/* integral */,
                         memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) volatile noexcept;
    /* integral */ fetch_or(/* integral */,
                         memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) noexcept;
    /* integral */ fetch_xor(/* integral */,
                         memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) volatile noexcept;
    /* integral */ fetch_xor(/* integral */,
                         memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) noexcept;
    /* integral */ fetch_max(/* integral */,
                         memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) volatile noexcept;
    /* integral */ fetch_max(/* integral */,
                         memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) noexcept;
    /* integral */ fetch_min(/* integral */,
                         memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) volatile noexcept;
    /* integral */ fetch_min(/* integral */,
                         memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) noexcept;
 
    /* integral */ operator++(int) volatile noexcept;
    /* integral */ operator++(int) noexcept;
    /* integral */ operator--(int) volatile noexcept;
    /* integral */ operator--(int) noexcept;
    /* integral */ operator++() volatile noexcept;
    /* integral */ operator++() noexcept;
    /* integral */ operator--() volatile noexcept;
    /* integral */ operator--() noexcept;
    /* integral */ operator+=(/* integral */) volatile noexcept;
    /* integral */ operator+=(/* integral */) noexcept;
    /* integral */ operator-=(/* integral */) volatile noexcept;
    /* integral */ operator-=(/* integral */) noexcept;
    /* integral */ operator&=(/* integral */) volatile noexcept;
    /* integral */ operator&=(/* integral */) noexcept;
    /* integral */ operator|=(/* integral */) volatile noexcept;
    /* integral */ operator|=(/* integral */) noexcept;
    /* integral */ operator^=(/* integral */) volatile noexcept;
    /* integral */ operator^=(/* integral */) noexcept;
 
    void wait(/* integral */,
              memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) const volatile noexcept;
    void wait(/* integral */, memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) const noexcept;
    void notify_one() volatile noexcept;
    void notify_one() noexcept;
    void notify_all() volatile noexcept;
    void notify_all() noexcept;
  };
}

[编辑] 对于浮点类型的 std::atomic 的特化

namespace std {
  template<> struct atomic</* floating-point */> {
    using value_type = /* floating-point */;
    using difference_type = value_type;
 
    static constexpr bool is_always_lock_free = /* implementation-defined */;
    bool is_lock_free() const volatile noexcept;
    bool is_lock_free() const noexcept;
 
    constexpr atomic() noexcept;
    constexpr atomic(/* floating-point */) noexcept;
    atomic(const atomic&) = delete;
    atomic& operator=(const atomic&) = delete;
    atomic& operator=(const atomic&) volatile = delete;
 
    void store(/* floating-point */,
               memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) volatile noexcept;
    void store(/* floating-point */,
               memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) noexcept;
    /* floating-point */ operator=(/* floating-point */) volatile noexcept;
    /* floating-point */ operator=(/* floating-point */) noexcept;
    /* floating-point */ load(memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) volatile noexcept;
    /* floating-point */ load(memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) noexcept;
    operator /* floating-point */() volatile noexcept;
    operator /* floating-point */() noexcept;
 
    /* floating-point */ exchange(/* floating-point */,
                            memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) volatile noexcept;
    /* floating-point */ exchange(/* floating-point */,
                            memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_weak(/* floating-point */&, /* floating-point */,
                               memory_order, memory_order) volatile noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_weak(/* floating-point */&, /* floating-point */,
                               memory_order, memory_order) noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_strong(/* floating-point */&, /* floating-point */,
                                 memory_order, memory_order) volatile noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_strong(/* floating-point */&, /* floating-point */,
                                 memory_order, memory_order) noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_weak(/* floating-point */&, /* floating-point */,
                               memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) volatile noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_weak(/* floating-point */&, /* floating-point */,
                               memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_strong(/* floating-point */&, /* floating-point */,
                                 memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) volatile noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_strong(/* floating-point */&, /* floating-point */,
                                 memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) noexcept;
 
    /* floating-point */ fetch_add(/* floating-point */,
                             memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) volatile noexcept;
    /* floating-point */ fetch_add(/* floating-point */,
                             memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) noexcept;
    /* floating-point */ fetch_sub(/* floating-point */,
                             memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) volatile noexcept;
    /* floating-point */ fetch_sub(/* floating-point */,
                             memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) noexcept;
 
    /* floating-point */ operator+=(/* floating-point */) volatile noexcept;
    /* floating-point */ operator+=(/* floating-point */) noexcept;
    /* floating-point */ operator-=(/* floating-point */) volatile noexcept;
    /* floating-point */ operator-=(/* floating-point */) noexcept;
 
    void wait(/* floating-point */,
              memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) const volatile noexcept;
    void wait(/* floating-point */,
              memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) const noexcept;
    void notify_one() volatile noexcept;
    void notify_one() noexcept;
    void notify_all() volatile noexcept;
    void notify_all() noexcept;
  };
}

[编辑] 对于指针类型的 std::atomic 的特化

namespace std {
  template<class T> struct atomic<T*> {
    using value_type = T*;
    using difference_type = ptrdiff_t;
 
    static constexpr bool is_always_lock_free = /* implementation-defined */;
    bool is_lock_free() const volatile noexcept;
    bool is_lock_free() const noexcept;
 
    constexpr atomic() noexcept;
    constexpr atomic(T*) noexcept;
    atomic(const atomic&) = delete;
    atomic& operator=(const atomic&) = delete;
    atomic& operator=(const atomic&) volatile = delete;
 
    void store(T*, memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) volatile noexcept;
    void store(T*, memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) noexcept;
    T* operator=(T*) volatile noexcept;
    T* operator=(T*) noexcept;
    T* load(memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) const volatile noexcept;
    T* load(memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) const noexcept;
    operator T*() const volatile noexcept;
    operator T*() const noexcept;
 
    T* exchange(T*, memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) volatile noexcept;
    T* exchange(T*, memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_weak(T*&, T*, memory_order, memory_order) volatile noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_weak(T*&, T*, memory_order, memory_order) noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_strong(T*&, T*, memory_order, memory_order) volatile noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_strong(T*&, T*, memory_order, memory_order) noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_weak(T*&, T*,
                               memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) volatile noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_weak(T*&, T*,
                               memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_strong(T*&, T*,
                                 memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) volatile noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_strong(T*&, T*,
                                 memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) noexcept;
 
    T* fetch_add(ptrdiff_t, memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) volatile noexcept;
    T* fetch_add(ptrdiff_t, memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) noexcept;
    T* fetch_sub(ptrdiff_t, memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) volatile noexcept;
    T* fetch_sub(ptrdiff_t, memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) noexcept;
    T* fetch_max(T*, memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) volatile noexcept;
    T* fetch_max(T*, memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) noexcept;
    T* fetch_min(T*, memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) volatile noexcept;
    T* fetch_min(T*, memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) noexcept;
 
    T* operator++(int) volatile noexcept;
    T* operator++(int) noexcept;
    T* operator--(int) volatile noexcept;
    T* operator--(int) noexcept;
    T* operator++() volatile noexcept;
    T* operator++() noexcept;
    T* operator--() volatile noexcept;
    T* operator--() noexcept;
    T* operator+=(ptrdiff_t) volatile noexcept;
    T* operator+=(ptrdiff_t) noexcept;
    T* operator-=(ptrdiff_t) volatile noexcept;
    T* operator-=(ptrdiff_t) noexcept;
 
    void wait(T*, memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) const volatile noexcept;
    void wait(T*, memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) const noexcept;
    void notify_one() volatile noexcept;
    void notify_one() noexcept;
    void notify_all() volatile noexcept;
    void notify_all() noexcept;
  };
}

[编辑] 类模板 std::atomic_ref

namespace std {
  template<class T> struct atomic_ref {
  private:
    T* ptr;             // exposition only
  public:
    using value_type = T;
    static constexpr size_t required_alignment = /* implementation-defined */;
 
    static constexpr bool is_always_lock_free = /* implementation-defined */;
    bool is_lock_free() const noexcept;
 
    explicit atomic_ref(T&);
    atomic_ref(const atomic_ref&) noexcept;
    atomic_ref& operator=(const atomic_ref&) = delete;
 
    void store(T, memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept;
    T operator=(T) const noexcept;
    T load(memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept;
    operator T() const noexcept;
 
    T exchange(T, memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_weak(T&, T,
                               memory_order, memory_order) const noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_strong(T&, T,
                                 memory_order, memory_order) const noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_weak(T&, T,
                               memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_strong(T&, T,
                                 memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept;
 
    void wait(T, memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) const noexcept;
    void notify_one() const noexcept;
    void notify_all() const noexcept;
  };
}

[编辑] 对于整数类型的 std::atomic_ref 的特化

namespace std {
  template<> struct atomic_ref</* integral */> {
  private:
    /* integral */* ptr;        // exposition only
  public:
    using value_type = /* integral */;
    using difference_type = value_type;
    static constexpr size_t required_alignment = /* implementation-defined */;
 
    static constexpr bool is_always_lock_free = /* implementation-defined */;
    bool is_lock_free() const noexcept;
 
    explicit atomic_ref(/* integral */&);
    atomic_ref(const atomic_ref&) noexcept;
    atomic_ref& operator=(const atomic_ref&) = delete;
 
    void store(/* integral */, memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept;
    /* integral */ operator=(/* integral */) const noexcept;
    /* integral */ load(memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept;
    operator /* integral */() const noexcept;
 
    /* integral */ exchange(/* integral */,
                      memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_weak(/* integral */&, /* integral */,
                               memory_order, memory_order) const noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_strong(/* integral */&, /* integral */,
                                 memory_order, memory_order) const noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_weak(/* integral */&, /* integral */,
                               memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_strong(/* integral */&, /* integral */,
                                 memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept;
 
    /* integral */ fetch_add(/* integral */,
                       memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept;
    /* integral */ fetch_sub(/* integral */,
                       memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept;
    /* integral */ fetch_and(/* integral */,
                       memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept;
    /* integral */ fetch_or(/* integral */,
                      memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept;
    /* integral */ fetch_xor(/* integral */,
                       memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept;
    /* integral */ fetch_max(/* integral */,
                       memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept;
    /* integral */ fetch_min(/* integral */,
                       memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept;
 
    /* integral */ operator++(int) const noexcept;
    /* integral */ operator--(int) const noexcept;
    /* integral */ operator++() const noexcept;
    /* integral */ operator--() const noexcept;
    /* integral */ operator+=(/* integral */) const noexcept;
    /* integral */ operator-=(/* integral */) const noexcept;
    /* integral */ operator&=(/* integral */) const noexcept;
    /* integral */ operator

[编辑] 对于浮点类型的 std::atomic_ref 的特化

namespace std {
  template<> struct atomic_ref</* floating-point */> {
  private:
    /* floating-point */* ptr;  // exposition only
  public:
    using value_type = /* floating-point */;
    using difference_type = value_type;
    static constexpr size_t required_alignment = /* implementation-defined */;
 
    static constexpr bool is_always_lock_free = /* implementation-defined */;
    bool is_lock_free() const noexcept;
 
    explicit atomic_ref(/* floating-point */&);
    atomic_ref(const atomic_ref&) noexcept;
    atomic_ref& operator=(const atomic_ref&) = delete;
 
    void store(/* floating-point */, memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept;
    /* floating-point */ operator=(/* floating-point */) const noexcept;
    /* floating-point */ load(memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept;
    operator /* floating-point */() const noexcept;
 
    /* floating-point */ exchange(/* floating-point */,
                            memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_weak(/* floating-point */&, /* floating-point */,
                               memory_order, memory_order) const noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_strong(/* floating-point */&, /* floating-point */,
                                 memory_order, memory_order) const noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_weak(/* floating-point */&, /* floating-point */,
                               memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_strong(/* floating-point */&, /* floating-point */,
                                 memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept;
 
    /* floating-point */ fetch_add(/* floating-point */,
                             memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept;
    /* floating-point */ fetch_sub(/* floating-point */,
                             memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept;
 
    /* floating-point */ operator+=(/* floating-point */) const noexcept;
    /* floating-point */ operator-=(/* floating-point */) const noexcept;
 
    void wait(/* floating-point */, memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) const noexcept;
    void notify_one() const noexcept;
    void notify_all() const noexcept;
  };
}

[编辑] 对于指针类型的 std::atomic_ref 的特化

namespace std {
  template<class T> struct atomic_ref<T*> {
  private:
    T** ptr;        // exposition only
  public:
    using value_type = T*;
    using difference_type = ptrdiff_t;
    static constexpr size_t required_alignment = /* implementation-defined */;
 
    static constexpr bool is_always_lock_free = /* implementation-defined */;
    bool is_lock_free() const noexcept;
 
    explicit atomic_ref(T*&);
    atomic_ref(const atomic_ref&) noexcept;
    atomic_ref& operator=(const atomic_ref&) = delete;
 
    void store(T*, memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept;
    T* operator=(T*) const noexcept;
    T* load(memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept;
    operator T*() const noexcept;
 
    T* exchange(T*, memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_weak(T*&, T*,
                               memory_order, memory_order) const noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_strong(T*&, T*,
                                 memory_order, memory_order) const noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_weak(T*&, T*,
                               memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_strong(T*&, T*,
                                 memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept;
 
    T* fetch_add(difference_type, memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept;
    T* fetch_sub(difference_type, memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept;
    T* fetch_max(T *, memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) const noexcept;
    T* fetch_min(T *, memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) const noexcept;
 
    T* operator++(int) const noexcept;
    T* operator--(int) const noexcept;
    T* operator++() const noexcept;
    T* operator--() const noexcept;
    T* operator+=(difference_type) const noexcept;
    T* operator-=(difference_type) const noexcept;
 
    void wait(T*, memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) const noexcept;
    void notify_one() const noexcept;
    void notify_all() const noexcept;
  };
}

[编辑] 类 std::atomic_flag

namespace std {
  struct atomic_flag {
    constexpr atomic_flag() noexcept;
    atomic_flag(const atomic_flag&) = delete;
    atomic_flag& operator=(const atomic_flag&) = delete;
    atomic_flag& operator=(const atomic_flag&) volatile = delete;
 
    bool test(memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) const volatile noexcept;
    bool test(memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) const noexcept;
    bool test_and_set(memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) volatile noexcept;
    bool test_and_set(memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) noexcept;
    void clear(memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) volatile noexcept;
    void clear(memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) noexcept;
 
    void wait(bool, memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) const volatile noexcept;
    void wait(bool, memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) const noexcept;
    void notify_one() volatile noexcept;
    void notify_one() noexcept;
    void notify_all() volatile noexcept;
    void notify_all() noexcept;
  };
}
取自 "https://cppreference.cn/mwiki/index.php?title=cpp/header/atomic&oldid=171531"