std::atomic_flag

 

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线程 thread (C++11) jthread (C++20) hardware_destructive_interference_sizehardware_constructive_interference_size (C++17)(C++17) this_thread 命名空间 get_id (C++11) yield (C++11) sleep_for (C++11) sleep_until (C++11) 协作式取消 stop_token (C++20) inplace_stop_token (C++26) never_stop_token (C++26) stop_source (C++20) inplace_stop_source (C++26)   stop_callback (C++20) inplace_stop_callback (C++26) stop_callback_for_t (C++26) stoppable_token (C++26) unstoppable_token (C++26) stoppable-source (C++26) stoppable-callback-for (C++26)   互斥 mutex (C++11) recursive_mutex (C++11) shared_mutex (C++17) timed_mutex (C++11) recursive_timed_mutex (C++11) shared_timed_mutex (C++14) 通用锁管理 lock (C++11) lock_guard (C++11) scoped_lock (C++17) unique_lock (C++11) shared_lock (C++14) once_flag (C++11) call_once (C++11) try_lock (C++11) defer_locktry_to_lockadopt_lockdefer_lock_ttry_to_lock_tadopt_lock_t (C++11)(C++11)(C++11)(C++11)(C++11)(C++11) 条件变量 condition_variable (C++11) condition_variable_any (C++11) notify_all_at_thread_exit (C++11) cv_status (C++11) 信号量 counting_semaphorebinary_semaphore (C++20)(C++20) 闩锁和屏障 latch (C++20) barrier (C++20) 期物 promise (C++11) future (C++11) shared_future (C++11) packaged_task (C++11) async (C++11) launch (C++11) future_status (C++11) future_error (C++11) future_category (C++11) future_errc (C++11) 安全回收 rcu_obj_base (C++26) rcu_domain (C++26) rcu_default_domain (C++26) rcu_synchronize (C++26) rcu_barrier (C++26) rcu_retire (C++26) 危害指针 hazard_pointer_obj_base (C++26) hazard_pointer (C++26) make_hazard_pointer (C++26)

原子类型 atomic (C++11) atomic_ref (C++20) atomic_flag (C++11) 原子类型的初始化 atomic_init (C++11)(在 C++20 中弃用) ATOMIC_VAR_INIT (C++11)(在 C++20 中弃用) ATOMIC_FLAG_INIT (C++11) 内存顺序 memory_order (C++11) kill_dependency (C++11)(在 C++26 中弃用) atomic_thread_fence (C++11) atomic_signal_fence (C++11) 原子操作的自由函数 atomic_storeatomic_store_explicit (C++11)(C++11) atomic_loadatomic_load_explicit (C++11)(C++11) atomic_exchangeatomic_exchange_explicit (C++11)(C++11) atomic_compare_exchange_weakatomic_compare_exchange_weak_explicitatomic_compare_exchange_strongatomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit (C++11)(C++11)(C++11)(C++11) atomic_fetch_addatomic_fetch_add_explicit (C++11)(C++11) atomic_fetch_subatomic_fetch_sub_explicit (C++11)(C++11) atomic_fetch_andatomic_fetch_and_explicit (C++11)(C++11) atomic_fetch_oratomic_fetch_or_explicit (C++11)(C++11) atomic_fetch_xoratomic_fetch_xor_explicit (C++11)(C++11) atomic_fetch_maxatomic_fetch_max_explicit (C++26)(C++26) atomic_fetch_minatomic_fetch_min_explicit (C++26)(C++26) atomic_is_lock_free (C++11) atomic_waitatomic_wait_explicit (C++20)(C++20) atomic_notify_one (C++20) atomic_notify_all (C++20) 原子标志的自由函数 atomic_flag_test_and_setatomic_flag_test_and_set_explicit (C++11)(C++11) atomic_flag_clearatomic_flag_clear_explicit (C++11)(C++11) atomic_flag_testatomic_flag_test_explicit (C++20)(C++20) atomic_flag_waitatomic_flag_wait_explicit (C++20)(C++20) atomic_flag_notify_one (C++20) atomic_flag_notify_all (C++20)

 

std::atomic_flag

成员函数

atomic_flag::atomic_flag

atomic_flag::operator=

atomic_flag::clear

atomic_flag::test_and_set

atomic_flag::test (C++20)

atomic_flag::wait (C++20)

atomic_flag::notify_one (C++20)

atomic_flag::notify_all (C++20)

 

定义于头文件 <atomic>
class atomic_flag;		(自 C++11 起)

std::atomic_flag 是一个原子布尔类型。与 std::atomic 的所有特化不同，它保证是无锁的。与 std::atomic<bool> 不同，std::atomic_flag 不提供加载或存储操作。

成员函数

(构造函数)	构造一个 atomic_flag (公共成员函数)
operator= [已删除]	赋值运算符 (已删除) (公共成员函数)
clear	原子地将标志设置为 false (公共成员函数)
test_and_set	原子地将标志设置为 true 并获取其先前的值 (公共成员函数)
test (C++20)	原子地返回标志的值 (公共成员函数)
wait (C++20)	阻塞线程直到被通知且原子值发生更改 (公共成员函数)
notify_one (C++20)	通知至少一个等待原子对象的线程 (公共成员函数)
notify_all (C++20)	通知所有阻塞等待原子对象的线程 (公共成员函数)

示例

一个 自旋锁 互斥锁演示可以使用 atomic_flag 在用户空间中实现。请注意，自旋锁互斥锁在实践中是 极其可疑的。

运行此代码

#include <atomic>
#include <iostream>
#include <mutex>
#include <thread>
#include <vector>
 
class mutex
{
    std::atomic_flag m_{};
 
  public:
    void lock() noexcept
    {
        while (m_.test_and_set(std::memory_order_acquire))
#if defined(__cpp_lib_atomic_wait) && __cpp_lib_atomic_wait >= 201907L
            // Since C++20, locks can be acquired only after notification in the unlock,
            // avoiding any unnecessary spinning.
            // Note that even though wait guarantees it returns only after the value has
            // changed, the lock is acquired after the next condition check.
            m_.wait(true, std::memory_order_relaxed)
#endif
                ;
    }
    bool try_lock() noexcept
    {
        return !m_.test_and_set(std::memory_order_acquire);
    }
    void unlock() noexcept
    {
        m_.clear(std::memory_order_release);
#if defined(__cpp_lib_atomic_wait) && __cpp_lib_atomic_wait >= 201907L
        m_.notify_one();
#endif
    }
};
 
static mutex m;
 
static int out{};
 
void f(std::size_t n)
{
    for (std::size_t cnt{}; cnt < 40; ++cnt)
    {
        std::lock_guard lock{m};
        std::cout << n << ((++out % 40) == 0 ? '\n' : ' ');
    }
}
 
int main()
{
    std::vector<std::thread> v;
    for (std::size_t n{}; n < 10; ++n)
        v.emplace_back(f, n);
    for (auto &t : v)
        t.join();
}

可能的输出

0 1 1 2 0 1 3 2 3 2 0 1 2 3 2 3 0 1 3 2 0 1 2 3 2 3 0 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 1 2 3 0 1 3
2 3 2 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 2 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 0 1 2 3 2 3 0 1 3 2 3 0 2 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 3 2 0 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 0 3
2 3 0 3 0 3 2 3 0 3 2 3 2 3 0 2 3 0 3 2 0 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9

参见

atomic_flag_test_and_setatomic_flag_test_and_set_explicit (C++11)(C++11)	原子地将标志设置为 true 并返回其先前的值 (函数)
atomic_flag_clearatomic_flag_clear_explicit (C++11)(C++11)	原子地将标志的值设置为 false (函数)
atomic_flag_waitatomic_flag_wait_explicit (C++20)(C++20)	阻塞线程直到被通知且标志发生更改 (函数)
atomic_flag_notify_one (C++20)	通知在 atomic_flag_wait 中阻塞的线程 (函数)
atomic_flag_notify_all (C++20)	通知所有在 atomic_flag_wait 中阻塞的线程 (函数)
ATOMIC_FLAG_INIT (C++11)	将 std::atomic_flag 初始化为 false (宏常量)
C 文档 关于 atomic_flag