std::any_cast
来自 cppreference.com
定义在头文件 <any> 中 |
||
template< class T > T any_cast( const any& operand ); |
(1) | (自 C++17 起) |
template< class T > T any_cast( any& operand ); |
(2) | (自 C++17 起) |
template< class T > T any_cast( any&& operand ); |
(3) | (自 C++17 起) |
template< class T > const T* any_cast( const any* operand ) noexcept; |
(4) | (自 C++17 起) |
template< class T > T* any_cast( any* operand ) noexcept; |
(5) | (自 C++17 起) |
对包含的对象执行类型安全访问。
令 U
为 std::remove_cv_t<std::remove_reference_t<T>>.
内容 |
[编辑] 参数
operand | - | 目标 any 对象 |
[编辑] 返回值
1,2) 返回 static_cast<T>(*std::any_cast<U>(&operand)).
3) 返回 static_cast<T>(std::move(*std::any_cast<U>(&operand))).
[编辑] 异常
[编辑] 示例
运行此代码
#include <any> #include <iostream> #include <string> #include <type_traits> #include <utility> int main() { // Simple example auto a1 = std::any(12); std::cout << "1) a1 is int: " << std::any_cast<int>(a1) << '\n'; try { auto s = std::any_cast<std::string>(a1); // throws } catch (const std::bad_any_cast& e) { std::cout << "2) " << e.what() << '\n'; } // Pointer example if (int* i = std::any_cast<int>(&a1)) std::cout << "3) a1 is int: " << *i << '\n'; else if (std::string* s = std::any_cast<std::string>(&a1)) std::cout << "3) a1 is std::string: " << *s << '\n'; else std::cout << "3) a1 is another type or unset\n"; // Advanced example a1 = std::string("hello"); auto& ra = std::any_cast<std::string&>(a1); //< reference ra[1] = 'o'; std::cout << "4) a1 is string: " << std::any_cast<std::string const&>(a1) << '\n'; //< const reference auto s1 = std::any_cast<std::string&&>(std::move(a1)); //< rvalue reference // Note: “s1” is a move-constructed std::string: static_assert(std::is_same_v<decltype(s1), std::string>); // Note: the std::string in “a1” is left in valid but unspecified state std::cout << "5) a1.size(): " << std::any_cast<std::string>(&a1)->size() //< pointer << '\n' << "6) s1: " << s1 << '\n'; }
可能的输出
1) a1 is int: 12 2) bad any_cast 3) a1 is int: 12 4) a1 is string: hollo 5) a1.size(): 0 6) s1: hollo
[编辑] 缺陷报告
以下行为更改缺陷报告已追溯应用于先前发布的 C++ 标准。
DR | 应用于 | 发布的行为 | 正确行为 |
---|---|---|---|
LWG 3305 | C++17 | 重载 (4,5) 的行为在 T 为 void 时不清楚 |
在这种情况下程序格式错误 |