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操作

std::vector<T,Allocator>::emplace_back

来自 cppreference.cn
< cpp‎ | 容器‎ | vector
 
 
 
 
template< class... Args >
void emplace_back( Args&&... args );
(C++11 起)
(C++17 前)
template< class... Args >
reference emplace_back( Args&&... args );
(C++17 起)
(C++20 起为 constexpr)

在容器末尾添加一个新元素。该元素通过 std::allocator_traits::construct 构造,通常使用 placement-new 在容器提供的位置原地构造元素。参数 args... 被转发给构造函数,形如 std::forward<Args>(args)...

如果操作后新的 size() 大于旧的 capacity(),则会发生重新分配,在这种情况下,所有迭代器(包括 end() 迭代器)以及所有对元素的引用都将失效。否则,只有 end() 迭代器会失效。

目录

[编辑] 参数

args - 转发给元素构造函数的参数
类型要求
-
T(容器的元素类型)必须满足 MoveInsertableEmplaceConstructible 的要求。

[编辑] 返回值

(无)

(C++17 前)

对插入元素的引用。

(C++17 起)

[编辑] 复杂度

摊还常数时间。

[编辑] 异常

如果由于任何原因抛出异常,此函数不产生任何效果(强异常安全保证)。如果 T 的移动构造函数不是 noexcept 且不可 CopyInsertable*thisvector 将使用抛出异常的移动构造函数。如果它抛出异常,则保证失效,并且效果未指定。

注意

由于可能发生重新分配,emplace_back 要求元素的类型对于 vector 是 MoveInsertable 的。

[编辑] 示例

以下代码使用 emplace_backPresident 类型的对象附加到 std::vector 中。它演示了 emplace_back 如何将参数转发给 President 构造函数,并展示了使用 emplace_back 如何避免在使用 push_back 时所需的额外拷贝或移动操作。

#include <vector>
#include <cassert>
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
 
struct President
{
    std::string name;
    std::string country;
    int year;
 
    President(std::string p_name, std::string p_country, int p_year)
        : name(std::move(p_name)), country(std::move(p_country)), year(p_year)
    {
        std::cout << "I am being constructed.\n";
    }
 
    President(President&& other)
        : name(std::move(other.name)), country(std::move(other.country)), year(other.year)
    {
        std::cout << "I am being moved.\n";
    }
 
    President& operator=(const President& other) = default;
};
 
int main()
{
    std::vector<President> elections;
    std::cout << "emplace_back:\n";
    auto& ref = elections.emplace_back("Nelson Mandela", "South Africa", 1994);
    assert(ref.year == 1994 && "uses a reference to the created object (C++17)");
 
    std::vector<President> reElections;
    std::cout << "\npush_back:\n";
    reElections.push_back(President("Franklin Delano Roosevelt", "the USA", 1936));
 
    std::cout << "\nContents:\n";
    for (President const& president: elections)
        std::cout << president.name << " was elected president of "
                  << president.country << " in " << president.year << ".\n";
 
    for (President const& president: reElections)
        std::cout << president.name << " was re-elected president of "
                  << president.country << " in " << president.year << ".\n";
}

输出

emplace_back:
I am being constructed.
 
push_back:
I am being constructed.
I am being moved.
 
Contents:
Nelson Mandela was elected president of South Africa in 1994.
Franklin Delano Roosevelt was re-elected president of the USA in 1936.

[编辑] 参阅

添加元素到结尾
(public member function) [编辑]
(C++11)
就地构造元素
(public member function) [编辑]