std::ranges::dangling

 

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范围库 (Ranges library)

范围访问 begin cbegin   end cend rbegin crbegin   rend crend size ssize   data cdata reserve_hint (C++26)   empty

范围转换 (Range conversions) std::from_range_t std::from_range (C++23)(C++23)     to (C++23)

悬空迭代器处理 (Dangling iterator handling) dangling borrowed_iterator_t borrowed_subrange_t

范围原语 (Range primitives)
range_size_trange_difference_trange_value_t elements_of (C++23)	iterator_tconst_iterator_tsentinel_tconst_sentinel_t (C++23)(C++23)	range_reference_trange_const_reference_trange_rvalue_reference_trange_common_reference_t (C++23)

范围概念 (Range concepts)
range borrowed_range    common_range	sized_range viewable_range    view	input_range output_range forward_range	bidirectional_range    random_access_range contiguous_range	approximately_sized_range (C++26) constant_range (C++23)

视图
view_interface	subrange

范围工厂 (Range factories)
empty_viewviews::empty	single_viewviews::single	basic_istream_viewviews::istream	iota_viewviews::iota	repeat_viewviews::repeat (C++23)(C++23)

范围适配器 (Range adaptors)
views::all_tviews::all as_rvalue_viewviews::as_rvalue (C++23)(C++23)   filter_viewviews::filter transform_viewviews::transform take_viewviews::take take_while_viewviews::take_while common_viewviews::common views::counted to_input_viewviews::to_input (C++26)(C++26)	ref_view drop_viewviews::drop drop_while_viewviews::drop_while lazy_split_viewviews::lazy_split split_viewviews::split join_viewviews::join join_with_viewviews::join_with (C++23)(C++23)   concat_viewviews::concat (C++26)(C++26) cache_latest_viewviews::cache_latest (C++26)(C++26)	owning_view reverse_viewviews::reverse as_const_viewviews::as_const (C++23)(C++23) elements_viewviews::elements keys_viewviews::keys values_viewviews::values enumerate_viewviews::enumerate (C++23)(C++23) zip_viewviews::zip (C++23)(C++23) zip_transform_viewviews::zip_transform (C++23)(C++23)	adjacent_viewviews::adjacent (C++23)(C++23) views::pairwise (C++23) adjacent_transform_viewviews::adjacent_transform (C++23)(C++23) views::pairwise_transform (C++23) chunk_viewviews::chunk (C++23)(C++23) slide_viewviews::slide (C++23)(C++23) chunk_by_viewviews::chunk_by (C++23)(C++23) stride_viewviews::stride (C++23)(C++23) cartesian_product_viewviews::cartesian_product (C++23)(C++23)

范围生成器 (Range generators) std::generator (C++23)

范围适配器闭包对象 (Range adaptor closure objects) range_adaptor_closure (C++23)

范围适配器对象 (Range adaptor objects)

辅助项 (Helper items)
copyable-box movable-box (直到 C++23)  (C++23)	simple-view non-propagating-cache

 

定义于头文件 <ranges>
struct dangling;		(C++20 起)

dangling 是一个占位符类型和一个空类类型，与模板别名 ranges::borrowed_iterator_t 和 ranges::borrowed_subrange_t 一起使用。

当某些通常返回迭代器或 range 的子范围的受限算法接受一个不符合 borrowed_range 模型的特定右值 range 参数时，将返回 dangling 以避免返回潜在的悬空结果。

成员函数

std::ranges::dangling::dangling

constexpr dangling() noexcept = default;	(1)
template<class... Args> constexpr dangling(Args&&...) noexcept { }	(2)

1) dangling 是平凡默认可构造的。

2) dangling 可以从任意数量和任意非 void 类型的参数构造。构造本身没有副作用。

换句话说，在用 dangling 替换良好形式的非聚合初始化中的类型（例如迭代器类型）后，得到的初始化也是良好形式的。

示例

运行此代码

#include <algorithm>
#include <array>
#include <iostream>
#include <ranges>
#include <type_traits>
#include <string_view>
 
int main()
{
    auto get_array_by_value = [] { return std::array{0, 1, 0, 1}; };
    auto dangling_iter = std::ranges::max_element(get_array_by_value());
    static_assert(std::is_same_v<std::ranges::dangling, decltype(dangling_iter)>);
//  std::cout << *dangling_iter << '\n'; // compilation error: no match for 'operator*'
                                         // (operand type is 'std::ranges::dangling')
 
    auto get_persistent_array = []() -> const std::array<int, 4>& {
        static constexpr std::array a{0, 1, 0, 1};
        return a;
    };
    auto valid_iter = std::ranges::max_element(get_persistent_array());
    static_assert(!std::is_same_v<std::ranges::dangling, decltype(valid_iter)>);
    std::cout << *valid_iter << ' '; // 1
 
 
    auto get_string_view = [] { return std::string_view{"alpha"}; };
    auto valid_iter2 = std::ranges::min_element(get_string_view());
        // OK: std::basic_string_view models borrowed_range
    static_assert(!std::is_same_v<std::ranges::dangling, decltype(valid_iter2)>);
    std::cout << '\'' << *valid_iter2 << '\'' << '\n'; // 'a'
}

输出

1 'a'

参阅

ranges::borrowed_iterator_tranges::borrowed_subrange_t (C++20)	获取 borrowed_range 的迭代器类型或 subrange 类型 (别名模板)
ranges::borrowed_range (C++20)	指定类型为 range，并且从其表达式获得的迭代器可以安全返回而不会有悬空的危险 (概念)